CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 6Vitamin D Research StudiesCOVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesVitamin C and Antioxidants Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Effect of vitamin D supplementation on clinical outcomes in adult patients with COVID‐19: A GRADE‐assessed systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Open access
Ghoreshi, Zohreh‐al‐sadat, Charostad, Javad, Arefinia, Nasir, Nakhaie, Mohsen, Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd, Mohammad, Salajegheh, Faranak·2024·Pharmacology Research & Perspectives
DOI 10.1002/prp2.70013PMC PMC11442836
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

The COVID‐19 pandemic has emerged as a major global health crisis. Vitamin D, a crucial fat‐soluble vitamin, has been recommended for COVID‐19 patients, though evidence of its effectiveness is inconsistent. This systematic literature review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on COVID‐19‐related outcomes. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Primary outcomes included mortality and hospital length of stay, while secondary outcomes encompassed C‐reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, D‐dimer, hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations, and lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts. Data analysis was performed using Stata™ Version 14. A total of 16 trials were analyzed. The meta‐analysis revealed that vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced hospital length of stay (mean difference = −1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.23, −0.09; p = .033) with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 69.2%, p = .002). Subgroup analysis showed a more pronounced reduction in studies with vitamin D dosages ≤10 000 international units (IU) (mean difference = −1.27; 95% CI: −1.96, −0.57; p < .001) and in patients over 60 years old (mean difference = −1.84; 95% CI: −2.53, −1.14; p < .001). Additionally, vitamin D significantly reduced CRP concentrations in older adults (>60 years) (mean difference = −1.13; 95% CI: −2.07, −0.18; p = .019). No significant changes were found in ferritin, D‐dimer, Hb concentrations, or in lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts (p > .05). In conclusion, while vitamin D supplementation did not significantly affect most COVID‐19‐related biomarkers, however, it reduces the length of hospital stay.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/prp2.70013

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

FIGURE 1 Selection process for eligible studies from all identified citations.
FIGURE 1 Selection process for eligible studies from all identified citations.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
FIGURE 2 Forest plot detailing weighted mean difference and 95% CIs for the impact of vitamin D supplementation on hospital length of stay. CI, confidence interval; WMD, weight mean difference.
FIGURE 2 Forest plot detailing weighted mean difference and 95% CIs for the impact of vitamin D supplementation on hospital length of stay. CI, confidence interval; WMD, weight mean difference.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
FIGURE 3 Funnel plots detailing publication bias in the studies selected for analysis. (A) Hospital length of stay; (B) CRP; (C) ferritin. Visual inspection of funnel plots indicating that there is no publication bias among studies. CI, confidence interval; CRP, C‐reactive protein; WMD, weight mean difference.
FIGURE 3 Funnel plots detailing publication bias in the studies selected for analysis. (A) Hospital length of stay; (B) CRP; (C) ferritin. Visual inspection of funnel plots indicating that there is no publication bias among studies. CI, confidence interval; CRP, C‐reactive protein; WMD, weight mean difference.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
FIGURE 4 Forest plot detailing weighted mean difference and 95% CIs for the impact of vitamin D supplementation on CRP concentrations. CI, confidence interval; CRP, C‐reactive protein; WMD, weight mean difference.
FIGURE 4 Forest plot detailing weighted mean difference and 95% CIs for the impact of vitamin D supplementation on CRP concentrations. CI, confidence interval; CRP, C‐reactive protein; WMD, weight mean difference.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
FIGURE 5 Forest plot detailing weighted mean difference and 95% CIs for the impact of vitamin D supplementation on Ferritin concentrations. CI, confidence interval; WMD, weight mean difference.
FIGURE 5 Forest plot detailing weighted mean difference and 95% CIs for the impact of vitamin D supplementation on Ferritin concentrations. CI, confidence interval; WMD, weight mean difference.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
FIGURE 6 Forest plot detailing weighted mean difference and 95% CIs for the impact of vitamin D supplementation on D‐dimer concentrations. CI, confidence interval; WMD, weight mean difference.
FIGURE 6 Forest plot detailing weighted mean difference and 95% CIs for the impact of vitamin D supplementation on D‐dimer concentrations. CI, confidence interval; WMD, weight mean difference.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 2 references

Research works printed but not linked: 59

  1. 10.4081/monaldi.2020.1292 · DOI
  2. Shafieipour S, 2023, Gastrointestinal bleeding: prevalence, etiology, and outcomes in COVID‐19 inpatients, GOVARESH, 28, 30
  3. 10.4084/MJHID.2023.059 · DOI
  4. 10.37201/req/158.2021 · DOI
  5. 10.3390/ph14060520 · DOI
  6. 10.1002/ptr.6873 · DOI
  7. 10.30699/ijmm.17.2.243 · DOI
  8. 10.1093/advances/nmaa125 · DOI
  9. 10.1038/s41430-020-0634-3 · DOI
  10. De Flora S, 2021, Antioxidants and COVID‐19, J Prev Med Hyg, 62, 13185
  11. 10.3390/medicina56080386 · DOI
  12. 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114175 · DOI
  13. 10.1080/20469047.2023.2171759 · DOI
  14. 10.2147/JIR.S363840 · DOI
  15. 10.3390/nu12061626 · DOI
  16. 10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00051-6 · DOI · Paper page
  17. 10.1097/MD.0000000000017252 · DOI
  18. 10.12688/f1000research.131730.1 · DOI
  19. 10.1007/s40475-021-00236-3 · DOI
  20. 10.3389/fmed.2023.1121256 · DOI
  21. 10.1210/me.2013-1146 · DOI
  22. Jaun F, 2023, Effect of single high dose vitamin D substitution in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with vitamin D deficiency on length of hospital stay, Biomedicine, 11, 1277
  23. 10.3390/nu15051234 · DOI
  24. 10.1080/14787210.2022.2035217 · DOI
  25. 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1023903 · DOI
  26. 10.1136/bmj.d5928 · DOI · Paper page
  27. 10.1111/jebm.12018 · DOI
  28. 10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · DOI · Paper page
  29. 10.3389/fphar.2022.863587 · DOI
  30. 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139065 · DOI
  31. 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112965 · DOI
  32. 10.1177/20101058211041405 · DOI
  33. 10.3390/medicina58101358 · DOI
  34. 10.1371/journal.pone.0267918 · DOI
  35. 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116175 · DOI
  36. 10.3390/nu14132602 · DOI
  37. 10.1001/jama.2020.26848 · DOI
  38. 10.3390/nu13072170 · DOI
  39. 10.3390/jcm10112378 · DOI
  40. 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003999 · DOI
  41. 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105751 · DOI
  42. 10.3390/medicina57101079 · DOI
  43. 10.1530/EJE-20-0665 · DOI
  44. 10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30183-2 · DOI
  45. 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206680 · DOI
  46. 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.001 · DOI
  47. 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.01.001 · DOI
  48. 10.1111/ijcp.13908 · DOI
  49. 10.1177/1753425917719143 · DOI
  50. 10.1038/ki.1991.296 · DOI
  51. 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.03.034 · DOI
  52. 10.1002/rmv.2159 · DOI
  53. 10.1080/14787210.2021.1941871 · DOI
  54. 10.1007/s11154-021-09707-4 · DOI
  55. 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198235 · DOI
  56. 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.055 · DOI
  57. 10.18632/aging.102999 · DOI
  58. 10.1002/jmv.25871 · DOI
  59. 10.26633/RPSP.2020.72 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 6

Metadata

Authors
Ghoreshi, Z., Charostad, J., Arefinia, N., Nakhaie, M., Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd, M., & Salajegheh, F.
Affiliations
  • University of Jiroft (IR)
  • Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services (IR)
  • Kerman University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
Corresponding author
Salajegheh, Faranak
ORCID
Venue
Pharmacology Research & Perspectives
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2024-09-30
Volume
12
Issue
5
Pages
e70013-e70013
ISSN
2052-1707 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1002/prp2.70013
PMC
PMC11442836
OpenAlex
W4403045273
Cited by
6
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4
FWCI
0.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Pharmacology Research & Perspectives (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Vitamin D Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
Keywords
vitamin D supplementation, COVID-19 pandemic, length of hospital stay, mortality, C-reactive protein, ferritin, D-dimer, older adults, vitamin D dosage, inflammatory markers
MeSH terms
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Adult, C-Reactive Protein, Ferritins, Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products, Humans, Length of Stay, Vitamin D, Vitamins, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Dietary Supplements

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Effect of vitamin D supplementation on clinical outcomes in adult patients with COVID‐19: A GRADE‐assessed systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/prp2.70013
The paper
Ghoreshi, Z., Charostad, J., Arefinia, N., Nakhaie, M., Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd, M., & Salajegheh, F. (2024). Effect of vitamin D supplementation on clinical outcomes in adult patients with COVID‐19: A GRADE‐assessed systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacology Research & Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1002/prp2.70013