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Return to Afghanistan: Migration as Reinforcement of Socio‐Economic Stratification
Open accessAbstract
This paper explores a new avenue of the hierarchisation of mobility amongst voluntary and involuntary return migrants to Afghanistan. We introduce the concept of multidimensional and multi‐local embeddedness as an analytical approach to the multi‐sited experience of migration, which merges transnationalism and integration into one analytical framework. Drawing on an in‐depth case study that focuses on the life histories of 35 Afghan returnees from European countries, we argue that socio‐economic differences that existed prior to migration are reinforced by the migration experience, which results in strongly differentiated patterns of multidimensional embeddedness and transnational mobility. These patterns reinforce previously existing socio‐economic stratification and restrict expectations of return migration and development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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“In contrast, involuntary returnees like Ajmal were typically of more modest background and were, due to their failed migration experience that allowed them no legal alternative but to return, were more disappointed in the past and felt, not least because of their decreased fi nancial and legal possibilities for out-migration, more vulnerable about their prospects for the future (See also Van Houte”
From Back in Time? A Temporal Autobiographical Approach to Afghan Return Migration (2025) · cites this paper as Van Houte, Siegel and Davids, 2015
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Gibbs, G. (2007) · doi:10.4135/9781849208574 · Cited by 4,299
Embeddedness and Immigration: Notes on the Social Determinants of Economic Action
Portes, A., & Sensenbrenner, J. (1993) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/230191 · Cited by 3,493 · cited 2×
“Agency can be seen as an actor’s effort to match desires and capacities, whilst being shaped by and shaping the structural context, defined as the forces that are external to and impacting on people (Portes & Sensenbrenner, 1993; Van Houte et al., forthcoming).”
BackgroundMethodMigration in the age of involuntary immobility: Theoretical reflections and Cape Verdean experiences
Carling, J. (2002) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/13691830120103912 · Cited by 1,134
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Cited by
Kuschminder, K. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3004513 · Cited by 20
Back in Time? A Temporal Autobiographical Approach to Afghan Return Migration
van Houte, M. (2025) · International Migration · doi:10.1111/imig.12610 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- van Houte, M., Siegel, M., & Davids, T.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- van Houte, Marieke
- Venue
- Population, Space and Place
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-09-02
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 692-703
- ISSN
- 1544-8444 (ISSN-L)
- 1544-8452
- OpenAlex
- W2169390487
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 15.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Population Space and Place (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Cordaid
- PSO
- UNU-Merit
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Demography › Diaspora, migration, transnational identity
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration and Labor Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Refugees, and Integration
- Keywords
- return migration, socioeconomic stratification, transnationalism, transnational mobility, life history (social science method)
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- van Houte, M., Siegel, M., & Davids, T. (2015). Return to Afghanistan: Migration as Reinforcement of Socio‐Economic Stratification. Population, Space and Place. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.1876
