Resolving ruthenium: XPS studies of common ruthenium materials
Abstract
X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) utilising monochromatic Al K α radiation has been employed to study metallic ruthenium and the catalytically and technologically important ruthenium compounds RuO 2 , RuCl 3 , Ru(NO)(NO 3 ) 3 and Ru(AcAc) 3 . The results improve on the accuracy of already published Ru(3d) binding energies, expand known Ru(3p) binding energies and also report spin‐orbit splitting for the core levels. For RuO 2 , the difference between anhydrous and hydrated samples is explored, and the effect on curve fitting such spectra is discussed. Analysis of RuCl 3 has allowed, for the first time, the positive identification of Ru(OH) 3 by XPS. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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In the RuO2 aerogel, the main peaks of Ru 3p are identified as Ru 3p3/2 and Ru 3p1/2 at 462.58 and 484.78 eV, respectively, corresponding to Ru4+.
“Thus, in Figure 3(c), the main peaks of Ru 3p in the RuO2 aerogel are identi fi ed as Ru 3p 3/2 and Ru 3p1/2 at 462.58 and 484.78 eV, respectively, corresponding to Ru 4 + [44].”
From Sol–Gel Synthesized Nickel‐Doped Ruthenium Oxide Aerogel for Highly Efficient Acidic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2024) · cites this paper as [44]
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- Authors
- Morgan, D. J.
- Affiliations
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Morgan, David J.
- ORCID
- Morgan, David J.
- Venue
- Surface and Interface Analysis
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-09-22
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1072-1079
- ISSN
- 0142-2421 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-9918
- OpenAlex
- W2137525974
- Cited by
- 1,199
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 154 · 2025: 181 · 2024: 168 · 2023: 160 · 2022: 135 · 2021: 103 · 2020: 110 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 12.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Surface and Interface Analysis (publishedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Ion-surface interactions and analysis
- Keywords
- ruthenium, ruthenium oxide, RuCl3, ruthenium nitrosyl complexes, spin-orbit splitting
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