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Cited by 16Photochemistry and Electron Transfer StudiesSynthesis and Properties of Aromatic CompoundsLuminescence and Fluorescent Materials

Coupled Polymethine Dyes: Six Decades of Discoveries

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Mourot, Benjamin, Jacquemin, Denis, Siri, Olivier, Pascal, Simon·2024·The Chemical Record
DOI 10.1002/tcr.202400183
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Abstract

This review provides a comprehensive examination of the applications of the seminal coupling principle introduced by Siegfried Dähne and Dieter Leupold in 1966. Their heuristic and groundbreaking work proposed that combining multiple polymethine subunits within a single chromophore enables orbital coupling, consequently narrowing the HOMO–LUMO gap, and yielding redshifted optical properties. These outcomes are particularly valuable for developing organic dyes tailored for visible‐to‐near‐infrared applications. Despite their potential, coupled polymethines remain relatively underexplored, with most reported instances being serendipitous discoveries over the last six decades. In light of this, our review compiles and discusses the reported coupled polymethine structures, covering synthetic, spectroscopic, theoretical and applicative aspects, offering insights into the structure‐property relationships of this unique class of dyes and perspectives for their future applications.

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  • Cyanine dyes, particularly heptamethine cyanines and their derivatives such as Cy7 and HCy dyes, represent one of the most prominent classes of NIR fluorophores.

    “Cyanine dyes, particularly heptamethine cyanines and their derivatives (e.g., Cy7 and HCy dyes), represent one of the most prominent classes of near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores77,78.”

    From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [78]

    The Introduction describes cyanine (polymethine) dyes as widely used and says their fluorescence can be shifted into the NIR; section 3.1 reports NIR emission from a heptamethine cyanine dye. The passages support the broad characterization, but our copy does not identify Cy7 or HCy dyes or establish that heptamethine cyanines are among the most prominent NIR fluorophore classes (searched: Cy7, HCy, prominence). (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Mourot, B., Jacquemin, D., Siri, O., & Pascal, S.
Affiliations
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Corresponding author
Pascal, Simon
ORCID
Venue
The Chemical Record
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2024-11-11
Volume
24
Issue
12
Pages
e202400183-e202400183
ISSN
  • 1527-8999 (ISSN-L)
  • 1528-0691
DOI
10.1002/tcr.202400183
OpenAlex
W4404288807
Cited by
16
References
308
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 1
FWCI
0.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Chemical Record (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-20-CE07-0024)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Physical and Theoretical Chemistry › Photochemistry and Electron Transfer Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Synthesis and Properties of Aromatic Compounds
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
Keywords
orbital coupling, organic dye synthesis, structure-property relationships, chromophore design

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