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Progression of Doppler abnormalities in intrauterine growth restriction
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To identify the sequence of progression of arterial and venous Doppler abnormalities from the onset of placental insufficiency in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Methods: Prospective observational study of singletons with IUGR (abdominal circumference < 5th percentile) who underwent serial standardized umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), ductus venosus (DV) and umbilical vein (UV) Doppler surveillance. Time intervals between progressive Doppler abnormalities and patterns of deterioration were related to UA Doppler status and gestational age. Results: Six hundred and sixty‐eight longitudinal examinations were performed in 104 fetuses, identifying three patterns of progression: (1) Mild placental dysfunction (n = 34) that remained confined to the UA/MCA. The UA became abnormal at a median of 32 weeks' gestation but the pulsatility index never exceeded 3 SD above normal. Progression took a median of 33 days, requiring delivery at a median of 35 weeks. (2) Progressive placental dysfunction (n = 49). Initially normal UA Doppler PI at 29 weeks' gestation increased beyond 3 SD, progressing to abnormal MCA, absent/reversed UA diastolic flow, abnormal DV, UV pulsations in 9‐day intervals requiring delivery by 33 weeks. (3) Severe early‐onset placental dysfunction (n = 21). Markedly elevated UA PI established by 27 weeks' gestation was associated with rapid (7‐day intervals) progression to abnormal venous Doppler with median delivery at 30.6 weeks. Gestational age at onset, time to delivery and progression intervals were different between patterns (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: The characteristics of cardiovascular manifestations in IUGR are determined by the gestational age at onset and the severity of placental disease. Recognition of these factors is critical for planning fetal surveillance in IUGR. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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“Protocols vary from weekly umbilical artery Doppler to a 2-to 4-week interval.24,108”
From Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #52: Diagnosis and management of fetal growth restriction (2020) · cites this paper as [108]
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“A prospective observational study of the progression of Doppler abnormalities in FGR suggests that rapid progression, if it is going to occur, is typically noted within the first 2 weeks after diagnosis.24,108”
From Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #52: Diagnosis and management of fetal growth restriction (2020) · cites this paper as [108]
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Citations
Cites
The cerebroplacental Doppler ratio revisited
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Self-citationDoppler ultrasound assessment of cerebral blood flow in the human fetus
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“They documented parallel progression of cerebral and precordial venous Doppler abnormalities (Turan et al., 2010).”
BackgroundLate-onset fetal growth restriction management: a national survey
Verde, M. L., on behalf of The Board of the "Società Campano-Calabro-Apulo-Lucana" (SCCAL) of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Torella, M., Mainini, G., Mollo, A., Guida, M., Passaro, M., Dominoni, M., Gardella, B., Cicinelli, E., et al. (2022) · Minerva Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.23736/s2724-606x.22.05217-4 · Cited by 4
FUNDAMENTOS DE GINECOLOGÍA Y OBSTETRICIA
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“Absolute and normalized values of Doppler indices were compared between subgroups at three timepoints: (1) 21–25 weeks (usual time of diagnosis); (2) 28–32 weeks (usual time of third-trimester obstetrical scan); and (3) 36–39 weeks (usual time of last echocardiographic examination, aimed at assessing risk of FO restri…”
MethodContag, S. A., Brown, C. H., Kopelman, J. N., & Goetzinger, K. R. (2016) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2016.1222367 · Cited by 4
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McHugh, A. F., Breatnach, C. R., Bussmann, N., Franklin, O., EL-Khuffash, A. F., & Breathnach, F. (2020) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-020-03403-y · Cited by 4
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“…diastolic-centric approach isolates subtle changes in cerebral perfusion that may precede more overt Doppler abnormalities seen in traditional indices, offering the potential for earlier and more accurate detection of fetal hypoxia (Turan et al. 2008; Stampalija et al. 2020; Karabay et al. 2025).”
Neto, M. M., Carvalho, F. H. C., Mota, R. M. S., & Júnior, C. A. A. (2010) · Revista Brasileira Ginecologia e Obstetrícia · doi:10.1590/s0100-72032010000700008 · Cited by 3
Bartra, M. J. C., Mazarico-Gallego, E., Cahuana-Bartra, A. J., Pascal, R., Alonso, L., Targa, J., Muñoz, C., Dadvand, P., & Gómez‐Roig, M. D. (2022) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.113813 · Cited by 5
Ribeiro, R. L., Francisco, R. P. V., Miyadahira, S., & Zugaib, M. (2012) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.3109/14767058.2012.663821 · Cited by 3
“[19] illustrated different fetal behaviors and showed that in many cases fetuses present slow or no progress from the onset of placental insufficiency.”
BackgroundAvaliação biofísica complementar da vitalidade fetal
Melo, A., Souza, A. S. R., & Amorim, M. M. R. (2011) · Cited by 3
Cerebro‐placental ratio – Is it time to start putting it to use?
Moreta, D., & Benzie, R. J. (2017) · Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajum.12077 · Cited by 3
Candel-Pau, J., Salinas, F. C., Perapoch, J., Carrascosa, A., García, O. S., & Llurba, E. (2015) · Anales de Pediatría · doi:10.1016/j.anpedi.2015.03.014 · Cited by 3
“DBP 0/57 (0%) 17/72 (23,94%) < 0,001b LMPV 3/57 (5,26%) 5/72 (6,94%) NSb Muerte 1/57 (1,75%) 3/72 (4,17%) NSb SG al alta 36,14 (35,6-37) c 38,14 (37-40,2)c < 0,001b Peso al alta 2.”
Clinical monitoring of late fetal growth restriction
Mylrea‐Foley, B., & Lees, C. C. (2021) · Minerva Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.23736/s2724-606x.21.04845-4 · Cited by 3
Cardiac Function in Fetal Growth Restriction
Rizzo, G., Mappa, I., Bitsadze, V. O., Khizroeva, J. K., Makatsariya, A. D., & Arduini, D. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-06189-9_34 · Cited by 3
The Effect of External Cephalic Version on Fetal Circulation: A Prospective Cohort Study
Engel, O., Arnon, S., Shechter‐Maor, G., Schreiber, H., Piura, E., & Markovitch, O. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10020354 · Cited by 3
“As IUGR worsens, Doppler abnormalities in these vascular territories also deteriorate, suggesting a sequential pattern of disease progression [17,18].”
BackgroundArterial and Venous Doppler in Evaluation of the “At-risk” Fetus
Turan, Ş., Bucak, M., & Turan, O. M. (2024) · Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/grf.0000000000000890 · Cited by 3
“8 UtA Doppler is a valuable tool for identifying early-onset FGR in the second trimester, though its predictive value is limited in the fi rst trimester.”
Self-citationKanagawa, T., Ishii, K., Yamamoto, R., Sasahara, J., & Mitsuda, N. (2021) · Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine · doi:10.1002/jum.15614 · Cited by 3
Early- and Late-onset Intrauterine Growth Retardation
Zavlanos, A., Tsakiridis, I. G., Chatzikalogiannis, I., & Athanasiadis, A. P. (2021) · Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1686 · Cited by 3
Aziz, F. A.-Z. E.-H. A., Rady, M., & Abdeltawab, A. (2020) · International Journal of Medical Arts · doi:10.21608/ijma.2020.35616.1146 · Cited by 3
“[15] further reported the first time of appearance of Doppler abnormalities could be influenced by gestation age.”
BackgroundIntrapartum Doppler ultrasound: where are we now?
DALL’ASTA, A., Tullio, G. H. I., MAPPA, I., MAQINA, P., FRUSCA, T., & RIZZO, G. (2021) · Minerva Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.23736/s2724-606x.20.04698-5 · Cited by 3
Yu, H. Y., Wang, W., Benson, C. B., Doubilet, P. M., Rouse, D. J., & Little, S. E. (2023) · American Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1055/a-2081-2767 · Cited by 2
“10 Additionally, if UAD abnormalities progress, this typically occurs within the fi rst 2 weeks after initial diagnosis of abnormal UAD.”
BackgroundMannarino, S., Calcaterra, V., Garella, V., Puricelli, F., Baj, B., Quatrale, A. E., Gazzola, C., Nosvelli, A., Raso, I., & Zuccotti, G. (2026) · Children · doi:10.3390/children13030312 · Cited by 2
Brain sparing in fetal growth restriction: The double‐edged sword of fetal hypoxaemia
Allison, B. J., White, T. A., Camm, E. J., & Miller, S. (2026) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp291253 · Cited by 2
Changes in biometry and cerebroplacental hemodynamics in fetuses with congenital heart diseases
Peixoto, A. B., Tonni, G., & Júnior, E. A. (2016) · Journal of Thoracic Disease · doi:10.21037/jtd.2016.10.71 · Cited by 2
Optimization of Simple Sphygmomanometric Blood Pressure Measurement in Routine Prenatal Care
Vonck, S., Oben, J., Staelens, A. S., Lanssens, D., molenberGhs, G., & Gyselaers, W. J. A. (2017) · Health Care Current Reviews · doi:10.4172/2375-4273.1000185 · Cited by 2
“Pregnancies diagnosed with isolated intra-uterine growth retardations (IUGR) and/or multiples were excluded from analysis as they are reported with different cardiovascular profiles [16,17].”
MethodPostneonatal mortality of severely small for gestational age extremely low birth weight infants
Kimoto, Y., Hirata, K., Nozaki, M., Mochizuki, N., Hirano, S., & Wada, K. (2023) · Pediatrics & Neonatology · doi:10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.04.017 · Cited by 2
Husen, S. C., Visser, E. F., Srebniak, M. I., Diderich, K. E. M., Groenenberg, I. A. L., Steegers‐Theunissen, R. P. M., & Go, A. T. J. I. (2024) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.01.010 · Cited by 2
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“…of a low middle cerebral artery pulsatility index ( < 5th centile) [16] with or without an increased umbilical artery pulsatility index ( > 95th centile) [17, 18], or their combination as a cerebro-placental ratio [19], although these may be late indicators of hemodynamic compensation [20 – 22].”
Doppler fetal y desprendimiento prematuro de placenta
Rodriguez, M. V., García, J. F. S., Sánchez-Vegazo, M. Á., Giménez, I., Roig, A. E., & Manzanera, G. (2011) · Progresos de Obstetricia y Ginecología · doi:10.1016/j.pog.2011.04.002 · Cited by 2
“Figura 2 Imagen ecogra´fica en modo B con sonda abdominal en la que se aprecia una estructura heteroge´nea con a´reas de difer-ente densidad ecogra´fica en el borde superior de la placenta, compatibles con una zona de desprendimiento a este nivel.”
Goffinet, F., Jarreau, P. H., & Tsatsaris, V. (2013) · Archives de Pédiatrie · doi:10.1016/j.arcped.2013.06.014 · Cited by 2
Successful management of monochorionic diamniotic triplet pregnancy
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“cardiovascular decompensation (Turan et al. 2008), was not observed, we considered that triplet C tolerated the deteriorating intrauterine environment well enough to allow for further”
BackgroundArterial and Venous Doppler in Evaluation of the “At-Risk” Fetus
Turan, Ş., & Turan, O. M. (2017) · Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/grf.0000000000000294 · Cited by 2
“This begins during the second trimester and progresses in different patterns according to severity of the UA-PI and the activation of fetal shunting mechanisms.(13) UtA Doppler is a useful assessment method for identifying early-onset FGR during the second trimester,(14) but performance during the first trimester is l…”
MethodSelf-citationPlazentainsuffizienz/Plazentaassoziierte Erkrankungen
Huppertz, B., Pecks, U., & Stepan, H. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-55622-1_11 · Cited by 2
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Baschat, A. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-29633-8_21 · Cited by 2
Self-citationRüegg, L., Vonzun, L., Latal, B., Moehrlen, U., Mazzone, L., Meuli, M., Krähenmann, F., & Ochsenbein‐Kölble, N. (2022) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.26118 · Cited by 2
“00 Postoperative FIGO score < 8 10 (43) 29 (27) 0.”
Placental Insufficiency/Placenta-Associated Diseases
Huppertz, B., Pecks, U., & Stepan, H. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-66256-4_11 · Cited by 2
Umbilical and Middle Cerebral Artery Doppler Measurements in Fetuses With Congenital Heart Block
Pisesky, A., Luo, Z., JAEGGI, E. T., Ryan, G., Keunen, J., & Mieghem, T. V. (2020) · Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography · doi:10.1016/j.echo.2020.09.007 · Cited by 2
Perinatal and neurodevelopmental outcome of late-onset growth restricted fetuses
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Rangarajan, B., & Karunakaran, L. (2021) · International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20212175 · Cited by 1
Prediction Model Assessing Risk of Delivery after Diagnosis of Abnormal Umbilical Artery Doppler
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Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR): Review
Naser, M., Naser, M. M., & Shehata, L. H. (2023) · International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies · doi:10.52155/ijpsat.v38.1.5218 · Cited by 1
Kingdom, J. C., Ashwal, E., Lausman, A. Y., Liauw, J., Soliman, N., Figueiró-Filho, E. A., Nash, C., Bujold, E., & Melamed, N. (2023) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2023.05.023 · Cited by 1
Tosun, G., Akar, A. N., BURKANKULU, D., Ceyhan, V., & Aydın, E. (2024) · Journal of Perinatal Medicine · doi:10.1515/jpm-2024-0274 · Cited by 1
Doppler Assessment of the Fetal Brain Circulation
Sá, M. I., Illa, M., & Guedes‐Martins, L. (2026) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics16020214 · Cited by 1
“As previously discussed and reported by several authors, the expected sequential pattern of hemodynamic deterioration is not consistently observed and exhibits substantial interindividual variability [102–104].”
Pardo, N., Kingdom, J. C., Nevo, O., Pardo, A., & Melamed, N. (2026) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2026.03.003 · Cited by 1
Placental morphometric and hemodynamic parameters as predictors of early neonatal adaptation in dogs
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Valoración fetal durante el embarazo
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Integración de pruebas y manejo de la restricción del crecimiento fetal
Turan, Ş., Miller, J. L., & Baschat, A. (2008) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) · Cited by 1
Self-citation村田, 将., Ishii, K., Sato, Y., Sasahara, J., Hayashi, S., & Mitsuda, N. (2017) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1080/01443615.2016.1268579 · Cited by 1
“In the Doppler examination for the purpose of foetal surveillance, CPR has been advocated as one of the useful indices strongly correlated to adverse foetal outcomes (Baschat 2004; Turan et al. 2008).”
BackgroundCORRELATION OF CEREBROPLACENTAL RATIO WITH PERINATAL OUTCOME IN INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION
Vimalraj, S., Vijaykumar, B., Devi, S., & Naushad, S. (2016) · Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare · doi:10.18410/jebmh/2016/720 · Cited by 1
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Yaghoubi, F., Tavakoli, F., Dalil, D., & Iranzadeh, S. (2022) · Journal of Nephropathology · doi:10.34172/jnp.2022.18387 · Cited by 1
“Assessment of fetal growth, amniotic fluid volume, and Doppler assessment of uterine, umbilical, fetal cerebral vessels, and ductus venosus, should be performed by an obstetrician on a specified schedule (19).”
BackgroundPlacental Conditions With Consequences for the Fetal Brain
du Plessis, A. J., & Volpe, J. J. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-10513-5.00010-3 · Cited by 1
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“Moreover, the most common cause of medically indicated delivery in the IUGR cohort (foetal cause: altered foetal Doppler scan and/or altered NST) are also consistent with the literature.(7,36,37)”
ResultHeera Shenoy, T., Shenoy, S. T., & James, S. X. (2019) · International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20190267 · Cited by 1
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Non-invasive Measurement of Wave Reflections in the Human Umbilical Artery Using Ultrasound
Stortz, G., Cahill, L. S., Milligan, N., Baschat, A., Kingdom, J. C., Sled, J. G., & Macgowan, C. K. (2019) · IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium · doi:10.1109/ultsym.2019.8925664 · Cited by 1
“Equations (1) to (3) are transformed to the frequency domain to yield a solution method:”
BackgroundSelf-citationKohat, D., Keepanasseril, A., Chinnakali, P., Mondal, N., & Bhat, B. V. (2020) · The Indian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12098-020-03547-x · Cited by 1
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“These provide important information regarding fetal well-being and should be performed fortnightly from 28 to 30weeks.(31) There is no optimal timing for delivery; however, rapidly worsening maternal or parameters usually warrant delivery.”
BackgroundTagliaferri, S., Travaglino, A., Raffone, A., Saccone, G., Campanino, M. R., Zara, G., Ammendola, A., Pini, N., Maruotti, G. M., Magenes, G., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2021.1965980 · Cited by 1
“The Umbilical Artery (UA) velocimetry is a reflection of the vascular impedance in fetal circulation and progressive changes in the waveforms reflect increasing resistance to flow [4].”
BackgroundCandel-Pau, J. (2014) · TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa) · Cited by 1
A Stage-Based Approach to the Management of Small Fetuses
Hurni, Y., Marcenaro, S., Caroline, G., & Giulia, G. (2022) · MedPress Journal Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.33582/mpog.2022.202205001 · Cited by 1
“It is often associated with early PE and tends to be associated with progressive fetal deterioration through pregnancy [5-7].”
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TWIN REVERSED ARTERIAL PERFUSION CAUSES DECREASED FETAL CEREBRAL VASCULAR IMPEDANCE
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“수의 이상이 나타나고, 도플러 이상소견이 발생하고 평균 4-6주 후 분 만한다[66].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Turan, O. M., Turan, S., Gungor, S., Berg, C., Moyano, D., Gembruch, U., Nicolaides, K. H., Harman, C. R., & Baschat, A. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- University of Bonn (DE)
- Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Baschat, A. A.
- Venue
- Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-07-15
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 160-167
- ISSN
- 0960-7692 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-0705
- OpenAlex
- W2136237774
- Semantic Scholar
- a3107662a43e356994ae81184ea4120ca9962b26
- Cited by
- 353
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 19.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Cardiovascular Conditions and Treatments
- Keywords
- fetal growth restriction, placental insufficiency, umbilical artery Doppler, middle cerebral artery Doppler, ductus venosus Doppler, pulsatility index, fetal monitoring, gestational age at onset
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Fetal Growth Retardation, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Middle Aged, Placental Insufficiency, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Pulsatile Flow, Umbilical Arteries, Ultrasonography, Prenatal, Disease Progression, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed, Young Adult
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