Key physiological differences in Candida albicans CDR1 induction by steroid hormones and antifungal drugs
Abstract
The Candida albicans CDR1 gene, encoding an ABC transporter that functions as an efflux pump, is thought to be involved in pathogenic adaptation and uses mammalian hormones and other environmental cues to regulate its activity. Exposure of several clinical isolates of C. albicans to 1 × 10−8 M 17β‐oestradiol increased CDR1 expression and the isolates showed a positive correlation between oestrogen induction of CDR1 and growth in the presence of oestrogen. A reporter strain carrying the GFP gene under the control of the CDR1 promoter was used to analyse the effect of steroid hormones and antifungal drugs on CDR1 expression by flow cytometry. We found that among the many hormones tested, only oestradiol and progesterone induce CDR1 expression. CDR1 induction requires hormone concentrations greater than 10−8 M, a threshold reached in vivo only by progesterone. Using the GFP‐reporter strain, we show CDR1 induction by female but not male human serum and demonstrate that exposure of C. albicans to physiological concentrations of progesterone measurably increases resistance to fluconazole, miconazole and 5‐fluorouracil. Simultaneous exposure of C. albicans to hormones and antifungal drugs provided evidence that both agents induce CDR1 expression via different mechanisms with different saturation points. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The expression of the drug exporting pump Cdr1p increases after exposure to a variety of stress factors and is considered a useful reporter for intracellular stress.
“The expression of the drug exporting pump Cdr1p increases after exposure to a variety of stress factors and is considered a useful reporter for intracellular stress [8].”
From Inhibition of<i>Candida albicans</i>by Fluvastatin Is Dependent on pH (2009) · cites this paper as [8]
Cites
Jacob, H. (1988) · Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics · doi:10.1016/0302-4598(88)80052-7 · Cited by 4,911 · see citing works
Isogenic strain construction and gene mapping in Candida albicans.
Fonzi, W. A., & Irwin, M. Y. (1993) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/134.3.717 · Cited by 1,695 · see citing works
Current and emerging azole antifungal agents
Sheehan, D. J., Hitchcock, C. A., & Sibley, C. M. (1999) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.12.1.40 · Cited by 1,137 · see citing works
Coste, A. T., Karababa, M., Ischer, F., Bille, J., & Sanglard, D. (2004) · Eukaryotic Cell · doi:10.1128/ec.3.6.1639-1652.2004 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Coste, A., Turner, V., Ischer, F., Morschhäuser, J., Forche, A., Selmecki, A., Berman, J., Bille, J., & Sanglard, D. (2006) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.105.054767 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Multiple efflux mechanisms are involved in Candida albicans fluconazole resistance
Albertson, G. D., Niimi, M., Cannon, R. D., & Jenkinson, H. F. (1996) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.40.12.2835 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Alarco, A., & Raymond, M. (1999) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.181.3.700-708.1999 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Gerami‐Nejad, M., Berman, J. G., & Gale, C. A. (2001) · Yeast · doi:10.1002/yea.738 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
de Micheli, M., Billé, J., Schueller, C., & Sanglard, D. (2002) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02814.x · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Cellular and Molecular Biology of Candida albicans Estrogen Response
Cheng, G., Yeater, K. M., & Hoyer, L. L. (2006) · Eukaryotic Cell · doi:10.1128/ec.5.1.180-191.2006 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Krishnamurthy, S., Gupta, V., Prasad, R., Panwar, S. L., & Prasad, R. (1998) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12910.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Estrogen Effects onCandida albicans:A Potential Virulence‐Regulating Mechanism
Zhang, X., Essmann, M., Burt, E. T., & Larsen, B. (2000) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/315406 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationPina‐Vaz, C., Rodrigues, A. G., Costa‐de‐Oliveira, S., Ricardo, E., & Mårdh, P. (2005) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dki264 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Candida Albicans: The Estrogen Target for Vaginal Colonization
Tarry, W. F., Fisher, M., Shen, S., & Mawhinney, M. (2005) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2005.05.019 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Candida albicans morphogenesis is influenced by estrogen
White, S., & Larsen, B. (1997) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s000180050094 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationKrishnamurthy, S., Gupta, V., Snehlata, P., & Prasad, R. (1998) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12802.x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Karnani, N., Gaur, N. A., Jha, S., Puri, N., Krishnamurthy, S., Goswami, S. K., Mukhopadhyay, G., & Prasad, R. (2004) · Yeast · doi:10.1002/yea.1067 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Isolation and partial characterization of Hsp90 from Candida albicans.
Burt, E. T., Daly, R., Hoganson, D., Tsirulnikov, Y., Essmann, M., & Larsen, B. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationPuri, N., Krishnamurthy, S., Habib, S., Hasnain, S. E., Goswami, S. K., & Prasad, R. (1999) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb08798.x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The effect of estradiol on Candida albicans growth.
Gujjar, P. R., Finucane, M. D., & Larsen, B. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationBoric Acid Vaginal Suppositories: A Brief Review
Prütting, S., & Cerveny, J. D. (1998) · Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1155/s1064744998000386 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Relationship of Fungal Vaginitis Therapy to Prior Antibiotic Exposure
Glover, D. D., & Larsen, B. (2003) · Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1080/10647440300025514 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationIsolation and identification of a 92-kDa stress induced protein from Candida albicans
Burt, E. T., O'Connor, C., & Larsen, B. (1999) · Mycopathologia · doi:10.1023/a:1007036518330 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationCandidiasis During Pregnancy May Result From Isogenic Commensal Strains
Daniels, W., Glover, D. D., Essmann, M., & Larsen, B. (2001) · Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1155/s1064744901000138 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Efflux-Mediated Antifungal Drug Resistance
Cannon, R. D., Lamping, E., Holmes, A. R., Niimi, K., Baret, P. V., Keniya, M. V., Tanabe, K., Niimi, M., Goffeau, A., & Monk, B. C. (2009) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00051-08 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Combinatory effect of fluconazole and FDA-approved drugs against Candida albicans
Kaneko, Y., Fukazawa, H., Ohno, H., & Miyazaki, Y. (2013) · Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10156-013-0639-0 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Inhibition of<i>Candida albicans</i>by Fluvastatin Is Dependent on pH
Schmidt, M., Dzogbeta, S., & Boyer, M. P. (2009) · Research Letters in Biochemistry · doi:10.1155/2009/151424 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Larsen, B., Anderson, S., Brockman, A., Essmann, M., & Schmidt, M.
- Affiliations
- Des Moines University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schmidt, Martin
- Venue
- Yeast
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-08
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 795-802
- ISSN
- 0749-503X (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0061
- OpenAlex
- W2098243074
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Yeast (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Candida albicans, CDR1, ABC transporters, efflux pumps, steroid hormones, estradiol, progesterone, antifungal resistance, fluconazole, miconazole, 5-fluorouracil, gene expression regulation, human serum, GFP reporter
- MeSH terms
- Antifungal Agents, Candida albicans, Estradiol, Female, Flow Cytometry, Fungal Proteins, Humans, Male, Progesterone, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Membrane Transport Proteins, Green Fluorescent Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
