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The Composition of Centaur 5145 Pholus
Open accessAbstract
We present a new spectrum of the Centaur object 5145 Pholus between 1.15 and 2.4 μm. We model this, and the previously published (0.4- to 1.0-μm) spectrum, using Hapke scattering theory. Seen in absorption are the 2.04-μm band of H2O ice and a strong band at 2.27 μm, interpreted as frozen methanol and/or a photolytic product of methanol having small molecular weight. The presence of small molecules is indicative of a chemically primitive surface, since heating and other processes remove the light hydrocarbons in favor of macromolecular carbon of the kind found in carbonaceous meteorites. The unusually red slope of Pholus' spectrum is matched by fine grains of a refractory organic solid (tholin), as found previously by M. Hoffmannet al. (1993,J. Geophys. Res.98, 7403–7407) and P. D. Wilsonet al.(1994,Icarus107, 288–303). Olivine (which we model with Fo 82) also appears to be present on Pholus. We present a five-component model for the composite spectrum of all spectroscopic and photometric data available for 5145 Pholus and conclude that this is a primitive object which has not yet been substantially processed by solar heat. The properties of Pholus are those of the nucleus of a large comet that has never been active.
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“However, we note that a red spectral slope over this range is not unexpected and is characteristic of many primitive objects in our solar system (Cruikshank et al. 1998;Jewitt & Luu 1998;Bus & Binzel 2002;Sheppard 2010;Carry et al. 2016).”
From Implications for Planetary System Formation from Interstellar Object 1I/2017 U1 (‘Oumuamua) (2017) · cites this paper as Cruikshank et al. 1998
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- Roush, T. 1996, Near-Ir (0.8–2.5 μm) optical constants of water ice at 100K, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 27th, 1107, 1108
- Scotti, 1992, IAU Circ., 5434
- Thompson, 1991, Plasma discharge in N24, Icarus, 90, 57
- Whittet, D. C. B. A. G. G. M. Tielens, 1997, Infrared observations of interstellar dust absorption features, From Stardust to Planetesimals, Y. J. PendletonA. G. G. M. Tielens, 161, 178, Astron. Soc. Pacific Conf. Series, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Cruikshank, D. P., Roush, T. L., Bartholomew, M. J., Geballe, T. R., Pendleton, Y. J., White, S. M., Bell, J. F., Davies, J. K., Owen, T. C., de Bergh, C., Tholen, D. J., Bernstein, M. P., Brown, R. H., Tryka, K. A., & Dalle Ore, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Ames Research Center (US)
- University of Hawaii at Hilo (US)
- Cornell University (US)
- University of Arizona (US)
- Northern Arizona University (US)
- Venue
- Icarus
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-10
- Volume
- 135
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 389-407
- ISSN
- 0019-1035 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2057433998
- Cited by
- 270
- References
- 112
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 10.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Icarus (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Planetary Science and Exploration
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Keywords
- Centaur asteroids, asteroid surface composition, near-infrared spectra, tholins, olivine, solar heating
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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