The Use of XAFS to Distinguish between Inner- and Outer-Sphere Lead Adsorption Complexes on Montmorillonite
Abstract
Adsorption mechanisms of Pb on montmorillonite were investigated by conducting equilibrium and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy studies. Data from the batch equilibrium studies indicate that Pb could be adsorbing via two mechanisms, depending on ionic strength. At low ionic strength (I = 0.006 M) Pb adsorption is pH-independent: 97% of the available Pb was removed from solution at pH 4.42 and 100% at pH 8.0. This behavior is consistent with an outer-sphere complexation mechanism. At high ionic strength (I = 0.1 M) Pb adsorption is pH-dependent, suggesting inner-sphere complexation as the adsorption mechanism: 43% of the available Pb was removed from the solution at pH 4.11 and 98.9% at pH 7.83. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy results reveal that in the sample equilibrated at I = 0.006 M, pH 4.48-6.40 the local atomic structure (LAS) surrounding the adsorbed Pb is similar to the LAS surrounding Pb(2+) (aq), confirming that the adsorption mechanism is outer-sphere complexation. In the system equilibrated at I = 0.1 M, pH 6.77 the XANES and EXAFS results show that the LAS surrounding the adsorbed Pb atom is similar to the LAS surrounding reference compounds in which Pb is forming covalent bonds (Pb(4)(OH)(4+)(4) (aq) and a sample of gamma-Al(2)O(3) with Pb adsorbed via inner-sphere complexation). These similarities indicate that Pb is forming inner-sphere complexes on the montmorillonite at this ionic strength and pH. In samples equilibrated at I = 0.006 M, pH 6.77 and I = 0.1 M, pH 6.31 the XAFS results suggest that Pb is forming both inner- and outer-sphere adsorption complexes. This observation could not be distinguished by making macroscopic observations only. Thus, the results of this study reveal important information on Pb sorption behavior on clays and also provides insights into the use of XAFS to determine sorption mechanisms. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
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Strawn and Sparks demonstrated that at pH 4.48 and I of 0.06 Pb was sorbed in the interlayers of montmorillonite forming outer-sphere complexes, whereas at pH 6.77 and I of 0.1 the heavy metal was fixed forming mainly inner-sphere complexes on the edge sites of the phyllosilicate.
“Strawn and Sparks [12] demonstrated that at pH 4.48 and I of 0.06 Pb was sorbed in the interlayers of montmorillonite forming outer-sphere complexes, whereas at pH 6.77 and I of 0.1 the heavy metal was fixed forming mainly inner-sphere complexes on the edge sites of the phyllosilicate.”
From Chemical Processes Affecting the Mobility of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Soil Environments (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
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- Authors
- Strawn, D. G., & Sparks, D. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Delaware (US)
- Corresponding author
- Strawn, Daniel G
- Venue
- Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-08
- Volume
- 216
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 257-269
- ISSN
- 0021-9797 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2151276692
- Cited by
- 283
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 15.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Delaware
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- Keywords
- lead adsorption, montmorillonite, inner-sphere complexation, outer-sphere complexation, adsorption mechanism, ionic strength effects, pH dependence, clay mineral sorption, local atomic structure, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, XANES, EXAFS
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