The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
How Much Cortex Can a Vein Drain? Downstream Dilution of Activation-Related Cerebral Blood Oxygenation Changes
Abstract
The draining vein problem is recognized as one of the most severe constraints on the spatial resolution of BOLD contrast fMRI, used widely in imaging neuroscience. Changes in blood oxygenation arising from local brain activity-related changes in blood flow propagate downstream in veins and can give rise to spurious activation at sites remote from neuronal activity. The geometry of the venous vasculature is quite regular in structure and is well depicted in photomicrographs. Quantitative analysis of this geometry, together with hydrodynamic considerations, permit upper bounds dependent on the area of cortical neuronal activity to be derived for the spatial extent of draining vein contamination. It is estimated that an activated cortical area of 100 mm(2) will generate an oxygenation change in venous blood that extends without dilution along the vein no more than 4.2 mm beyond the edge of the activated area. At greater distances along the draining vein this oxygenation change will be diluted. The model leads to a quantitative prediction of the functional form of this dilution.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“It is also vulnerable to pathology, anesthesia, and vasoactive drugs, while vascular anatomy and delayed hemodynamic responses constrain spatial specificity and temporal resolution (Sirotin & Das, 2009; Turner, 2002).”
From 40 Years of diffusion MRI in the brain: From history to emerging frontiers (2026) · cites this paper as Turner, 2002
Citations
Cites
Measuring the thickness of the human cerebral cortex from magnetic resonance images
Fischl, B. R., & Dale, A. M. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.200033797 · Cited by 5,995
The Fourth Dimension of Life: Fractal Geometry and Allometric Scaling of Organisms
West, G. B., Brown, J. H., & Enquist, B. J. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5420.1677 · Cited by 1,718 · cited 1×
“The arterial system forms a fractal, self-similar network (Qian et al., 2000; West et al., 1999).”
BackgroundMr contrast due to intravascular magnetic susceptibility perturbations
Boxerman, J. L., Hamberg, L. M., Rosen, B. R., & Weisskoff, R. M. (1995) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910340412 · Cited by 1,009
Duvernoy, H. M. (1999) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6792-2 · Cited by 759
Blood velocity and volumetric flow rate in human retinal vessels.
Riva, C. E., Grunwald, J. E., Sinclair, S. H., & Petrig, B. L. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 441
Lai, S., Hopkins, A. L., Haacke, E. M., Li, D., Wasserman, B. A., Buckley, P., Friedman, L., Meltzer, H., Hedera, P., & Friedland, R. (1993) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910300318 · Cited by 390
Hudetz, A. G. (1997) · Microcirculation · doi:10.3109/10739689709146787 · Cited by 237
Diffusion weighted fMRI at 1.5 T
Song, A. W., Wong, E. C., Tan, S. G., & Hyde, J. S. (1996) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910350204 · Cited by 208
Microvascular blood flow: evidence indicating a cubic dependence on arteriolar diameter
MAYROVITZ, H. N., & Roy, J. (1983) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1983.245.6.h1031 · Cited by 149
THE EVIDENCE FOR A CEREBRAL VASCULAR MECHANISM IN EPILEPSY
Penfield, W. G. (1933) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-7-3-303 · Cited by 149
Vascular dimensions of the cerebral arteries follow the principle of minimum work.
Rossitti, S., & Löfgren, J. (1993) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.24.3.371 · Cited by 126
A quantitative interpretation of IVIM measurements of vascular perfusion in the rat brain
Henkelman, R. M., Neil, J. J., & Xiang, Q. (1994) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910320407 · Cited by 109
Biophysical Aspects of Cerebral Circulation
(1980) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-03010-1 · Cited by 64
A Class of Flow Bifurcation Models with Lognormal Distribution and Fractal Dispersion
Qian, H., & Bassingthwaighte, J. B. (2000) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1006/jtbi.2000.2060 · Cited by 54
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
What we can do and what we cannot do with fMRI
Logothetis, N. K. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06976 · Cited by 3,612
Decoding mental states from brain activity in humans
Haynes, J., & Rees, G. E. (2006) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1931 · Cited by 1,868
Van Dam, N. T., van Vugt, M. K., Vago, D. R., Schmalzl, L., Saron, C. D., Olendzki, A., Meissner, T., Lazar, S. W., Kerr, C. E., Gorchov, J., et al. (2018) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691617709589 · Cited by 1,506
Controlling the familywise error rate in functional neuroimaging: a comparative review
Nichols, T. E., & Hayasaka, S. (2003) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1191/0962280203sm341ra · Cited by 1,249
Coupling Mechanism and Significance of the BOLD Signal: A Status Report
Hillman, E. M. C. (2014) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-014111 · Cited by 667
Metadata
- Authors
- Turner, R.
- Affiliations
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Turner, R
- ORCID
- Turner, R
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-08
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1062-1067
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1976642492
- Cited by
- 365
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 6.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- draining veins, venous blood oxygenation, BOLD fMRI, hydrodynamics, spatial resolution, cortical activation, venous contamination
- MeSH terms
- Cerebral Cortex, Cerebral Veins, Humans, Models, Cardiovascular, Oxygen
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
