Interindividual Variance of Cytochrome P450 Forms in Human Hepatic Microsomes: Correlation of Individual Forms with Xenobiotic Metabolism and Implications in Risk Assessment
Abstract
Differences in biotransformation activities may alter the bioavailability or efficacy of drugs, provide protection from certain xenobiotic and environmental agents, or increase toxicity of others. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are responsible for the majority of oxidation reactions of drugs and other xenobiotics and differences in their expression may directly produce interindividual differences in susceptibility to compounds whose toxicity is modulated by these enzymes. To rapidly quantify CYP450 forms in human hepatic microsomes, we developed, and applied, an ELISA to 40 samples of microsomes from adult human organ donors. The procedure was reliable and the results were reproducible within normal limits. Protein content for CYP1A, CYP2E1, and CYP3A positively correlated with suitable marker activities. CYP1A, CYP2B, CYP2C6, CYP2C11, CYP2E1, and CYP3A protein content demonstrated 36-, 13-, 11-, 2-, 12-, and 22-fold differences between the highest and lowest samples and the values were normally distributed. Of the forms examined, CYP3A was expressed in the highest amount and it was the only form whose content was correlated with total CYP450 content. Content of other forms was independent of total CYP450. We further determined the contribution of specific forms to the biotransformation of trichloroethylene as a model substrate. CYP2E1 was strongly correlated with chloral hydrate formation from trichloroethylene; CYP2B displayed the strongest correlation with trichloroethanol formation. These data describing the expression and distribution of these forms in human microsomes can be used to extrapolate in vitro derived metabolic rates for toxicologically important reactions, when form selectivity and specific activity are known. This approach may be applied to refine estimates of human interindividual differences in susceptibility for application in human health risk assessment.
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Several studies have reported substantial differences in CYP expression and significant differences in the activity of different CYP isoforms in HLM.
“Several studies have reported the substantial differences in CYP expression and significant differences in the activity of different CYP isoforms in HLM [68,75,76].”
From Interpretation of Non-Clinical Data for Prediction of Human Pharmacokinetic Parameters: In Vitro-In Vivo Extrapolation and Allometric Scaling (2019) · cites this paper as [76]
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- Authors
- Snawder, J. E., & Lipscomb, J. C.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Environmental Protection Agency (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lipscomb, John C.
- Venue
- Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-10
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 200-209
- ISSN
- 0273-2300 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2119143636
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 4.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Keywords
- cytochrome P450 isoforms, interindividual variability, CYP3A, CYP2E1, CYP2B, CYP2C6, CYP2C11, CYP1A, CYP2C, chloral hydrate, trichloroethanol, xenobiotic metabolism, biotransformation, human health risk assessment, drug sensitivity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Isoenzymes, Male, Microsomes, Liver, Middle Aged, Genetic Variation, Xenobiotics, Risk Assessment, No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level
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