Cited by 535Treatment of Major DepressionNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorStress Responses and Cortisol

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Animal Models of Depression: Molecular Perspectives

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Krishnan, Vaishnav, Nestler, Eric J.·2011·Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences

DOI 10.1007/7854_2010_108PMC PMC3270071

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Abstract

Much of the current understanding about the pathogenesis of altered mood, impaired concentration and neurovegetative symptoms in major depression has come from animal models. However, because of the unique and complex features of human depression, the generation of valid and insightful depression models has been less straightforward than modeling other disabling diseases like cancer or autoimmune conditions. Today's popular depression models creatively merge ethologically valid behavioral assays with the latest technological advances in molecular biology and automated video-tracking. This chapter reviews depression assays involving acute stress (e.g., forced swim test), models consisting of prolonged physical or social stress (e.g., social defeat), models of secondary depression, genetic models, and experiments designed to elucidate the mechanisms of antidepressant action. These paradigms are critically evaluated in relation to their ease, validity and replicability, the molecular insights that they have provided, and their capacity to offer the next generation of therapeutics for depression.

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Authors: Krishnan, V., & Nestler, E. J.
Affiliations: The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Corresponding author: Krishnan, Vaishnav
ORCID: Krishnan, Vaishnav
Nestler, Eric J.
Venue: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published: 2011
Volume: 7
Pages: 121-147
ISSN: 1866-3370 (ISSN-L)
1866-3389
DOI: 10.1007/7854_2010_108
PMC: PMC3270071
OpenAlex: W84932982
Cited by: 528
References: 131
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 71.79
Type: book chapter
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Current topics in behavioral neurosciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH051399, P50MH066172)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords: animal models of depression, major depressive disorder, forced swim test, social defeat stress, chronic stress, secondary depression, antidepressant mechanism, behavioral assays, video tracking
MeSH terms: Animals, Antidepressive Agents, Depression, Major Depressive Disorder, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Stress, Psychological

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