Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 1,218

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Development as Capability Expansion

Sen, Amartya·1990·Human Development and the International Development Strategy for the 1990s

Abstract

In his Grundlegung zur Metapbysik de Sitten, Immanuel Kant argues for the necessity of seeing human beings as ends in themselves, rather than as means to other ends: "So act as tc treat humanity,

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/978-1-349-21136-4_3

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cited by

See all 1,218

Metadata

Authors
Sen, A.
Venue
Human Development and the International Development Strategy for the 1990s
Published
1990
Pages
41-58
OpenAlex
W197432415
Cited by
1,218
References
0
FWCI
17.40
Type
book chapter
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Development as Capability Expansion. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/978-1-349-21136-4_3
The paper
Sen, A. (1990). Development as Capability Expansion. Human Development and the International Development Strategy for the 1990s. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21136-4_3

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.