Rules of Hope
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Averill et al.'s (1990) study of hope metaphors uncovered references to a gas or airy substance that provides a lift.
“Averill et al.’s (1990) study of hope metaphors uncovered references to a gas or airy substance that provides a “lift”.”
From A hope intervention for adolescents: a randomized controlled trial delivered by paraprofessionals (2025) · cites this paper as Averill et al.’s (1990)
Cited by
Sorted by citations
TARGET ARTICLE: Hope Theory: Rainbows in the Mind
Snyder, C. R. (2002) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1304_01 · Cited by 3,737 · see citing works
Peterson, C. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.44 · Cited by 922 · see citing works
“Snyder traced the origins of his thinking to earlier work by Averill, Catlin, and Chon (1990) and Stotland (1969), in which hope was cast in terms of people's expectations that goals could be achieved.”
BackgroundConceptualizing, Measuring, and Nurturing Hope
Snyder, C. R. R. (1995) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1995.tb01764.x · Cited by 880 · see citing works
Dixon, T. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511490514 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Collective Emotions in Conflict Situations: Societal Implications
Bar‐Tal, D., Halperin, E., & de Rivera, J. (2007) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2007.00518.x · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Future‐oriented emotions: conceptualization and behavioral effects
Baumgartner, H., Pieters, R. G. M., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2007) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.467 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
“Research by Averill et al. (1990) on the action rules of hope supports this, indicating that ‘[p]eople who hope should be willing to take appropriate action to achieve their goals, if action is possible’ (p. 34).”
BackgroundPositive Emotion and Health: Going Beyond the Negative.
Richman, L. S., Kubzansky, L. D., Maselko, J., Kawachi, I. I., Choo, P. W., & Bauer, M. (2005) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.4.422 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Hope: A New Positive Strength for Human Resource Development
Luthans, F., & Jensen, S. M. (2002) · Human Resource Development Review · doi:10.1177/1534484302013003 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
The Concept of Hope and its Relevance to Product Evaluation and Choice
MacInnis, D. J., & de Mello, G. D. (2005) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1509/jmkg.69.1.1.55513 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
“Averill, Catlin, and Chon (1990) find that people no longer feel hope when they no longer desire the outcome.”
BackgroundInfluentialDistinguishing Hope from Optimism and Related Affective States
Bruininks, P., & Malle, B. F. (2005) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-006-9010-4 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
“There were no gender differences for any of the distinguishing features, a finding that converges with the absence of gender differences in research conducted by Averill et al. (1990).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialThe dominance of fear over hope in the life of individuals and collectives
Jarymowicz, M., & Bar‐Tal, D. (2006) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.302 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
“Averill, Catlin, and Chon (1990) argued that hope: (a) should refer to an aspiration for achieving a concrete goal that has a likelihood of attainment; (b) should pertain to an aspired goal of vital interest, not a trivial one; (c) should reflect moral values, since people should not hope for…”
BackgroundChadwick, A. E. (2014) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2014.916777 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
“Extant studies of cognitive appraisals and emotions tend to be correlational rather than experimental (see Averill et al., 1990; Scherer, Schorr, & Johnstone, 2001).”
BackgroundThe Role of Hope in Cognitive-Behavior Therapies
Snyder, C. R. R., Ilardi, S. S., Cheavens, J., Michael, S. T., Yamhure, L. C., & Sympson, S. C. (2000) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1005547730153 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Seginer, R. (2008) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/0165025408090970 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
“The conjecture that high challenge appraisals facilitate adequate functioning by arousing hope draws on its power to motivate behavior, promote persistence, and increase perseverance (Averill et al., 1990) and receives an indirect support from findings showing that across time, hope reduces depression and anxiety (Arn…”
BackgroundUplifting Fear Appeals: Considering the Role of Hope in Fear-Based Persuasive Messages
Nabi, R. L., & Myrick, J. G. (2018) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2017.1422847 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Emotional Flow in Persuasive Health Messages
Nabi, R. L. (2014) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2014.974129 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Having the will and finding the way: A review and meta-analysis of hope at work
Reichard, R. J., Avey, J. B., Lopez, S. J., & Dollwet, M. (2013) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2013.800903 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
“Despite the fact that there have been cross-cultural studies of hope, we could only find two trade books (Averill et al., 1990; Scioli & Biller, 2009) that discussed the isomorphism of hope across cultures.”
BackgroundHope, Meaning, and Growth Following the September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks
Ai, A. L., Cascio, T., Santangelo, L. K., & Evans‐Campbell, T. (2005) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260504272896 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
“Averill, Catlin, and Chon (1990) considered optimism as more enduring, more intellectual, and less personal than hope.”
BackgroundHope in Cognitive Psychotherapies: On Working With Client Strengths
Cheavens, J. S., Feldman, D. B., Woodward, J. T., & Snyder, C. R. R. (2006) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/jcop.20.2.135 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
The Discursive Properties of “Hope”: A Qualitative Analysis of Cancer Patients’ Speech
Eliott, J., & Olver, I. (2002) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/104973230201200204 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
“…have not examined hope “in action,” as it were, as part of spontaneous speech; for example, Godfrey’s (1987) discriminating treatise considered the philosophical and linguistic implications of hope, whereas Averill et al. (1990) analyzed hope through its metaphors or their predetermined categories.”
BackgroundWebb, D. (2012) · Studies in Philosophy and Education · doi:10.1007/s11217-012-9336-1 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Miceli, M., & Castelfranchi, C. (2010) · Theory & Psychology · doi:10.1177/0959354309354393 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Re-examining hope: The roles of agency thinking and pathways thinking
Tong, E. M. W., Fredrickson, B. L., Chang, W. C., & Lim, Z. X. (2009) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930903138865 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
“Also, people often feel altruistic hope for others who are suffering and whom they cannot do anything to help (Averill et al., 1990; Bruininks & Malle, 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialFeeling Hopeful Inspires Support for Social Change
Greenaway, K. H., Cichocka, A. K., van Veelen, R., Likki, T., & Branscombe, N. R. (2014) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12225 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Power decreases trust in social exchange
Schilke, O. S., Reimann, M., & Cook, K. S. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1517057112 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“This reasoning involves a multistep causal chain starting with an effect of power on hope — defined as the degree to which one yearns for a possible but uncertain outcome (38, 39).”
Structuring the meaning of hope in health and illness
Nekolaichuk, C., Jevne, R. F., & Maguire, T. O. (1999) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00348-7 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
“In contrast, few studies have focused on the experience of hope within healthy populations (Averill et al., 1990; Brackney and Westman, 1992), an identi®ed need in the literature (KylmaÈ and VehvilaÈ inen-Julkunen, 1997).”
Bland, R., & Darlington, Y. (2009) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6163.2002.tb00658.x · Cited by 111 · see citing works
A Prospective Study of Hope, Optimism, and Health
Scioli, A., Chamberlin, C. M., Samor, C. M., et al. (1997) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1997.81.3.723 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“A century ago, Neitzche (cited in Menninger, 1959) referred to hope as the worst of evils for it prolonged the torment of man", referring to those instances where false hopes promote wishful thinking, denial, and a maladaptive delay in confronting reality.”
BackgroundAgainst the odds: Hope as an antecedent of support for climate change action
Bury, S. M., Wenzel, M., & Woodyatt, L. (2019) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12343 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Remaining hopeful in early-stage dementia: A qualitative study
Wolverson, E., Clarke, C., & Moniz-Cook, E. D. (2010) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607860903483110 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“…(1995); Nowotny (1989); Stanley (1978) A sense of force or energy: refers to hope as acting as an energising and motivating influence on a person Averill et al. (1990); Herth (1988); Morse and Doberneck (1995); Owen (1989); Snyder et al. (1991) Support from others: refers to hope as a…”
BackgroundInfluentialAi, A. L., Peterson, C., Tice, T. N., Bolling, S. F., & Koenig, H. G. (2004) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105304042352 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Entrepreneurs’ decision making under different levels of uncertainty: the role of emotions
Brundin, E. L., & Gustafsson, V. (2013) · International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research · doi:10.1108/ijebr-07-2012-0074 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“Higher levels of hope will lead entrepreneurs to perceive more control over the investment (Averill et al., 1990) and motivate them to persist (Anderson, 2003).”
BackgroundCiarrocchi, J. W., Dy-Liacco, G. S., & Deneke, E. (2008) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760701760666 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“Speculatively, in accordance with social construction models of hope (Averill et al., 1990), the meaning-making aspects of spirituality for women may be associated with emotional effects related to hope, while spirituality may function for men more as a confidence factor operating in the cognitive…”
BackgroundWhy health expectations and hopes are different: the development of a conceptual model
Leung, K. K., Silvius, J. L., Pimlott, N., Dalziel, W. B., & Drummond, N. (2009) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/j.1369-7625.2009.00570.x · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Visions about future: a new scale assessing optimism, pessimism, and hope in adolescents
Ginevra, M. C., Sgaramella, T. M., Ferrari, L., Nota, L., Santilli, S., & Soresi, S. (2016) · International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance · doi:10.1007/s10775-016-9324-z · Cited by 93 · see citing works
To hope, to lose, and to hope again
Snyder, C. R. R. (1996) · Journal of Personal and Interpersonal Loss · doi:10.1080/15325029608415455 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Targeting Social Messages with Emotions of Change: The Call for Optimism
Peter, P. C., & Honea, H. (2012) · Journal of Public Policy & Marketing · doi:10.1509/jppm.11.098 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Evidence for the Factorial Validity of the Dispositional Hope Scale
Roesch, S. C., & Vaughn, A. A. (2006) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759.22.2.78 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Ho, S. M. Y., Ho, J. W. C., Bonanno, G. A., Chu, A. T.-W., & Chan, E. M. (2010) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/1471-2407-10-279 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“Goals may vary in terms of their time frame (short- or long-term), yet they have to be of sufficient value to the individual to occupy conscious thought [20].”
BackgroundBlack Politics: How Anger Influences the Political Actions Blacks Pursue to Reduce Racial Inequality
Banks, A., White, I., & Mckenzie, B. D. (2018) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-018-9477-1 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Bury, S. M., Wenzel, M., & Woodyatt, L. (2016) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-016-9560-z · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“The need for hope goes beyond a simple desire as positive valence (Miceli and Castelfranchi 2010), because it represents something of real personal significance to the hoper (Averill et al. 1990; Korner, 1970).”
InfluentialThe Pursuit of Hopefulness: Operationalizing Hope in Entertainment Media Narratives
Prestin, A. (2013) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213269.2013.773494 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Linking admiration and adoration to self-expansion: Different ways to enhance one's potential
Schindler, I., Paech, J., & Löwenbrück, F. (2014) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.903230 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“In spite of controversial views on whether hope is highest with low, moderate or high expectancy of success (e.g., compare Averill et al., 1990; Lazarus, 1991 with Snyder, 2002), hope clearly is more closely tied to expectancy than is admiration.”
BackgroundStudents' daily emotions in the classroom: Intra‐individual variability and appraisal correlates
Ahmed, W., van der Werf, G. P. C., Minnaert, A. E. M. G., et al. (2010) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1348/000709910x498544 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Powerfully Positive: Searching for a Model of Language Learner Well-Being
Oxford, R. L. (2016) · Second language learning and teaching · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32954-3_2 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Pacification or Aggravation? The Effects of Talking about Supervisor Unfairness
Baer, M. D., Rodell, J. B., Dhensa‐Kahlon, R. K., Colquitt, J. A., Zipay, K. P., Burgess, R., & Outlaw, R. (2017) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2016.0630 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Grund, J., & Brock, A. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11030893 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Krafft, A. M., Martin‐Krumm, C., & Fenouillet, F. (2017) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191117700724 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“…identical to items used to measure other constructs, such as coping and self-efficacy (Aspinwall & Leaf, 2002; Tennen et al., 2002); (d) Agency and Pathways thinking do not reflect how common people define hope for themselves (Averill et al., 1990; Bruininks & Malle, 2005; Tong et al., 2010).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialIndirect emotion regulation in intractable conflicts: A new approach to conflict resolution
Halperin, E., Cohen‐Chen, S., & Goldenberg, A. (2014) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/10463283.2014.923155 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Mogilner, C., Shiv, B., & Iyengar, S. S. (2012) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/668534 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“…highlighted the beneficial motivating consequences of this emotion in such domains as academics, athletics, physical health, and overall happiness (Averill, Catlin, and Chon 1990; Curry et al. 1997; Lazarus 1999; Mogilner, Aaker, and Pennington 2008; Rossiter and Percy 1991; Seligman 1975, 2003;…”
BackgroundHopefulness and its Characteristics in Adolescents with Cancer
Hinds, P. S., Quargnenti, A. G., Fairclough, D. L., et al. (1999) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/019394599902100503 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Room for Opportunity: Resource Scarcity Increases Attractiveness of Range Marketing Offers
Fan, L., Li, X., & Jiang, Y. (2018) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1093/jcr/ucy059 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“In addition, in line with previous research suggesting that hope and optimism are two independent constructs (Averill et al. 1990; Bruininks and Malle 2005), we find that the observed effect of resource scarcity on consumers’ favorability toward range offers is driven by participants’ hope, but not…”
BackgroundResultPrestin, A., & Nabi, R. L. (2020) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1093/joc/jqaa001 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
A New Appraisal-Based Framework Underlying Hope in Conflict Resolution
Cohen‐Chen, S., Crisp, R. J., & Halperin, E. (2017) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073916670023 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“However, other approaches point to it as a purely affective process, extending hope to goals in which little control over the outcome is possible (Averill et al., 1990; Ellsworth & Scherer, 2003).”
BackgroundThe Meaning of Hope in Healthy, Nonreligious Swedes
Benzein, E., Saveman, B., & Norberg, A. (2000) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/01939450022044430 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Global dual‐career exploration and the role of hope and curiosity during the process
Harvey, M. G., Novičević, M. M., & Breland, J. W. (2009) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/02683940910928874 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Which matters more? Group fear versus hope in entrepreneurial escalation of commitment
Huang, T. Y.-W., Souitaris, V., & Barsade, S. G. (2019) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.3051 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“As an anticipatory emotion, hope is typically experienced in negative situations, such as a failing venture, when it is most needed to fuel action, engagement, and persistence (Averill et al., 1990; Bryant & Cvengros, 2004; Roseman, Spindel, & Jose, 1990).”
BackgroundHarvey, P., & Victoravich, L. (2009) · Decision Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5915.2009.00250.x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
What we talk about when we talk about hope: A prototype analysis.
Luo, S. X., van Horen, F., Millet, K., & Zeelenberg, M. (2020) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000821 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Recovery as Life Transformation: Examining the Relationships between Recovery, Hope, and Relapse
Gutiérrez, D., Dorais, S., & Goshorn, J. R. (2020) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2020.1781181 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“This approach contrasts with those who view hope as an emotion, albeit “ more cognitive than most other emotions ” (Averill et al., 1990, p. 47).”
Human spiritual qualities: Integrating psychology and religion
Watts, F., Dutton, K., & Gulliford, L. (2006) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13694670600615524 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Patient Hope: Exploring the Interactions between Physicians and HIV Seropositive Individuals
Wong‐Wylie, G., & Jevne, R. F. (1997) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/104973239700700103 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Fostering hope: a leader's first and last task
Walker, K. D. (2006) · Journal of Educational Administration · doi:10.1108/09578230610704783 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Dimensionality and Validation of the Dispositional Hope Scale in a Spanish Sample
Galiana, L., Oliver, A., Sancho, P., & Tomás, J. M. (2014) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-014-0582-1 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Several theories and models of hope based on affects and emotions have been developed (Averill et al. 1990; Farran et al. 1995; Scioli et al. 2011).”
BackgroundExploring the Links between Depression, Integrity, and Hope in the Elderly
Chimich, W. T., & Nekolaichuk, C. (2004) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370404900703 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“The Hope-NRS has been used in several settings, including the general population (41), palliative care (39,40), and a recent population-based telephone survey that focused on health and hope (unpublished observations).”
MethodKrafft, A. M., Guse, T., & Maree, D. J. F. (2020) · Journal of Well-Being Assessment · doi:10.1007/s41543-020-00030-4 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Embodied Accounts of HIV and Hope
Bernays, S., Rhodes, T., & Terźić, K. J. (2014) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732314528812 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Hope, Laughter, and Humor in Residents and Staff at an Assisted Living Facility
Westburg, N. G. (2003) · Journal of Mental Health Counseling · doi:10.17744/mehc.25.1.g128feq7x21xxbfe · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Hope in the treatment of sexual offenders: the potential application of hope theory
Moulden, H. M., & Marshall, W. L. (2005) · Psychology Crime and Law · doi:10.1080/10683160512331316361 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Hope flourishes in some degree of uncertainty (Averill et al., 1990), which makes sense in terms of personal investment.”
BackgroundStaske, S. A. (1996) · Symbolic Interaction · doi:10.1525/si.1996.19.2.111 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Oatley, K. (2004) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1503_03 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Conceptual Foreknowings: An Integrative Review of Hope
Doe, M. J. (2019) · Nursing Science Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0894318419881805 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
A Hope-based Group Treatment for Depressed Older Adult Outpatients
Klausner, E. J., Snyder, C. R. R., & Cheavens, J. (2006) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-47178-7_14 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Leshem, O. A., & Halperin, E. (2020) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002719896406 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Hope Mediates the Relation between Income and Subjective Well-Being
Pleeging, E., Burger, M., & van Exel, J. N. A. (2020) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-020-00309-6 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
House of pain and hope: Accounts of loss
Harvey, J. H., Orbuch, T. L., Weber, A. L., et al. (1992) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481189208252562 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Scioli, A., Scioli, E. R., Sykes, K., Anderson, C. N., & Fedele, M. (2015) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2015.1037858 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Vercammen, A., Oswald, T. K., & Lawrance, E. (2023) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0001938 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“In addition to these cognitive elements, different theories recognise the affective dimensions of hope [28].”
BackgroundBury, S. M., Wenzel, M., & Woodyatt, L. (2018) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-018-9746-7 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Building Hope for Positive Youth Development: Research, Practice, and Policy
Callina, K. S., Mueller, M. K., Buckingham, M. H., & Gutierrez, A. S. (2015) · Advancing responsible adolescent development · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17166-1_5 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The Emotions of Hope: From Optimism to Sanguinity, from Pessimism to Despair
TenHouten, W. D. (2022) · The American Sociologist · doi:10.1007/s12108-022-09544-1 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Among contemporary theorists of hope, only a handful regard it as an emotion (Averill et al., 1990; Lazarus, 1991, 1999; Ben-Ze’ev, 2000: 473–89; Miceli & Castelfranchi 2015: 162), while most see it as primarily a cognitive phenomenon (Stotland, 1969; Snyder et al., 1991; Snyder, 2000, 2002).”
BackgroundFinding a family: A categorization of enjoyable emotions
Graham, L. E., Thomson, A. L., Nakamura, J., Brandt, I. A., & Siegel, J. T. (2017) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2017.1402074 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Averill et al. (1990) report findings from several studies supporting hope as an emotion, distinct from other emotions such as anger and love.”
BackgroundHasan‐Aslih, S., Shuman, E., Goldenberg, A., Pliskin, R., van Zomeren, M., & Halperin, E. (2020) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550619898321 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Unlike optimism, people can feel hopeful even when they perceive low likelihood of the desired change or little control over the situation (Averill et al., 1990; Bruininks & Malle, 2005).”
BackgroundHope and Helping in Social Work
Collins, S. (2015) · Practice · doi:10.1080/09503153.2015.1014335 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Some psychological theorists emphasise hope as ‘non-rational’ emotion, linked to an individual’s social and systems behaviour (Averill, Catlin, and Chon 1990; Jacoby 2003; Bruininks and Malle 2005; Scioli, Ricci, and Nyugen 2011).”
BackgroundCutcliffe, J. R. (2006) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2006.01019.x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Differentiating hope from optimism by examining self-reported appraisals and linguistic content
Gasper, K., Spencer, L. A., & Middlewood, B. (2019) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2019.1590623 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“…importance, effortful action, morality, pleasantness, and fear.3 The questions to assess these appraisals were modeled after previous research (see Averill et al., 1990; Frijda et al., 1989; Roseman et al., 1990; Smith & Ellsworth, 1985) and answered on a 1 = not at all to 7 = very much scale.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMaggio, I. D., Montenegro‐Montenegro, E., Little, T. D., Nota, L., & Ginevra, M. C. (2021) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-021-00405-1 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Deep hope: A song without words
Coulehan, J. (2011) · Metamedicine · doi:10.1007/s11017-011-9172-2 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Hope in Health Care: A Synthesis of Review Studies
Olsman, E. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46489-9_11 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“…but not certain (neither zero nor one), (3) desirability—what is hoped for is seen as good in some respect, and (4) agency—hoping agents engage in activities to reach their hope” (Olsman 2015, p. 8; see also, Averill et al. 1990, pp. 9–35; Martin 2014; Nunn 2005, pp. 63–77; Walker 2006, pp. 40–71).”
BackgroundThe Psychology of Hope: A Diagnostic and Prescriptive Account
Scioli, A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46489-9_8 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Later experimental research by Averill et al. (1990) would show that at least in adults, wishes and hopes are distinguishable in terms of personal and cultural values.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe nature of hospitality: Customer perceptions and implications
Brotherton, B. (2005) · Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development · doi:10.1080/14790530500399218 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
FOSTERING HOPE IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH AIDS IN AFRICA: THE ROLE OF PRIMARY HEALTH‐CARE WORKERS
Akinsola, H. A. (2001) · Australian Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1046/j.1038-5282.2001.00358.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The motivational properties of hope in goal striving
Nelissen, R. M. A. (2015) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2015.1095165 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Snyder, 2002) but is in line with theoretical reflections (Miceli & Castelfranchi, 2010; Pettit, 2004), lay conceptions (Averill et al., 1990; Bruininks & Malle, 2005) and affective views of hope (Lazarus, 1991; Levine, 1996; Loewenstein et al.”
ResultParkinson, B. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108696234 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Hope: The experience and functions of a seemingly-positive group-based emotion
Cohen‐Chen, S., & Pliskin, R. (2024) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/10463283.2024.2347815 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“…will not be achieved – are by definition ambivalent (Lazarus, 2003), with the imagining of a positive outcome indicating some positive affect, but the appraisal that the likelihood of this out is low-to-moderate engendering high levels of uncertainty (Averill et al., 1990; Bruininks & Malle, 2005).”
U.S. college students’ lay beliefs about hope: A mixed-methods study
Li, P. F. J., Wong, Y. J., McDermott, R. C., Cheng, H., & Ruser, J. B. (2019) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2019.1689420 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“From a promotive perspective, unconditional hope may facilitate one’s resilience and gratitude (Frankl, 1985; Ryff & Singer, 1998; Witvliet, Richie, Root Luna, & Van Tongeren, 2019), resulting in greater happiness (Aspinwall & Leaf, 2002; Averill et al., 1990; Bruininks & Malle, 2005).”
BackgroundQuality-of-life as chronotopefication and futurization: Subsistence consumer experiences in India
Jagadale, S., Roy-Chaudhuri, H., & Kadirov, D. (2020) · Journal of Consumer Affairs · doi:10.1111/joca.12309 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“While the Western societies focus on realistic hope (Averill et al., 1990) and in much of Asia it is about harmony with the world (Nisbett and Masuda, 2003), in India hope is part of chronotopes that emerge as a mechanism of enhancing QOL in the backdrop of harsh reality.”
BackgroundDimensions of uncertainty communication: What is conveyed by verbal terms and numeric ranges
Teigen, K. H. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03985-0 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“It has been shown that prototypical hopes have a medium subjective probability of being attained, ranging from 20 to 90% at various stages of the hope process (Averill et al., 1990).”
BackgroundLeshem, O. A., & Halperin, E. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46489-9_10 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“2We acknowledge the fact that many hope scholars use other definitions of hope (e.g., Averill et al. 1990; Scioli et al. 2011).”
BackgroundHope and Spirituality in the Age of Anxiety
Scioli, A. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5110-4_9 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
- Authors
- Averill, J. R., Catlin, G., & Chon, K. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
- Sungkyunkwan University (KR)
- ORCID
- Chon, Kyum Koo
- Venue
- Recent Research in Psychology
- Publisher
- Springer New York
- Published
- 1990
- ISSN
- 1431-7532 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4210893059
- Cited by
- 264
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.74
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Recent research in psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- hope, human existence, psychology of hope
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
