The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
PNA-Based Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for Identification of Bacteria in Clinical Samples
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization with PNA probes (PNA-FISH) that target specific bacterial ribosomal RNA sequences is a powerful and rapid tool for identification of bacteria in clinical samples. PNA can diffuse readily through the bacterial cell wall due to its uncharged backbone, and PNA-FISH can be performed with high specificity due to the extraordinary thermal stability of RNA-PNA hybrid complexes. We describe a PNA-FISH procedure and provide examples of the application of PNA-FISH for the identification of bacteria in chronic wounds, cystic fibrosis lungs, and soft tissue fillers. In all these cases, bacteria can be identified in biofilm aggregates, which may explain their recalcitrance to antibiotic treatment.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“P. aeruginosa produces biofilms—organized groups of bacteria embedded with an extracellular matrix of protective molecules—resulting in chronic infection and impaired wound healing (Fazli et al. 2014).”
From Nutritional Immunity in Wound Infection: Unveiling the Role of Dietary Elements in Host–Pathogen Interaction (2025) · cites this paper as Fazli et al. 2014
In the citing paper
“However, in the case of normal pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Escherichia coli , they exploit the microenvironment within the wound for accessing necessary nutrients while avoiding immune detection.”
From Nutritional Immunity in Wound Infection: Unveiling the Role of Dietary Elements in Host–Pathogen Interaction (2025) · cites this paper as Fazli et al. 2014
Citations
Cites
PNA hybridizes to complementary oligonucleotides obeying the Watson–Crick hydrogen-bonding rules
Egholm, M., Buchardt, O., Christensen, L., Behrens, C., Freier, S. M., Driver, D. A., Berg, R. H., Kim, S. K., Norden, B., & Nielsen, P. E. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/365566a0 · Cited by 2,079
Research works printed but not linked: 31
- Amann R, Krumholz L, Stahl DA (1990) Fluorescent-oligo-nucleotide probing of whole cells for determinative, phylogenetic, and environmental studies in microbiology. J Bacteriol 172:762–770 · DOI
- Giovannoni SJ, DeLong EF, Olsen GJ et al (1988) Phylogenetic group-specific oligodeoxynucleotide probes for identification of single microbial cells. J Bacteriol 170:720–726 · DOI
- DeLong EF, Wickham GS, Pace NR (1989) Phylogenetic stains: ribosomal RNA-based probes for the identification of single microbial cells. Science 243:1360–1363 · DOI
- Nielsen PE, Egholm M, Berg RH et al (1991) Sequence selective recognition of DNA by strand displacement with a thymine substituted polyamide. Science 254:1497–1500 · DOI · Paper page
- Lefmann M, Schweickert B, Buchholz P et al (2006) Evaluation of peptide nucleic acid-fluorescence in situ hybridization for identification of clinically relevant mycobacteria in clinical specimens and tissue sections. J Clin Microbiol 44:3760–7376 · DOI
- Seidell JC (2000) Obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes—a worldwide epidemic. Br J Nutr 83(Suppl 1):S5–S8 · DOI
- James PT (2004) Obesity: the worldwide epidemic. Clin Dermatol 22:276–280 · DOI
- James PT, Leac R, Kalamara R et al (2001) The worldwide obesity epidemic. Obes Res Suppl 4:228S–233S · DOI · Paper page
- Mark DB, Van de Verf FJ, Simes RJ et al (2007) Cardiovascular disease on a global scale: defining the forward for research and practice. Eur Heart J 28:2678–2684 · DOI
- Gottrup F (2004) A specialized wound healing center concept: importance of a multidisciplinary department structure and surgical treatment facilities in the treatment of chronic wounds. Am J Surg 187:38S–43S · DOI
- Hahler B (2006) An overview of dermatological conditions commonly associated with the obese patient. Ostomy Wound Manage 52:34–36
- Bowler PG (2002) Wound pathophysiology, infection and therapeutic options. Ann Med 34:419–427 · DOI
- Schultz GS, Sibbald RG, Falanga V et al (2003) Wound bed preparation: a systematic approach to wound management. Wound Repair Regen 11(Suppl 1):S1–S28 · DOI
- Bjarnsholt T, Kirketerp-Moller K, Jensen PO et al (2008) Why chronic wounds will not heal: a novel hypothesis. Wound Repair Regen 16: 2–10 · DOI
- Kirketerp-Møller K, Jensen PO, Fazli M et al (2008) Distribution, organization, and ecology of bacteria in chronic wounds. J Clin Microbiol 46:2717–2722 · DOI
- Fazli M, Bjarnsholt T, Kirketerp-Møller K, Jørgensen B et al (2009) Nonrandom distribution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in chronic wounds. J Clin Microbiol 47:4084–4089 · DOI
- Wolcott RD, Rhoads DD (2008) A study of biofilm-based wound management in subjects with critical limb ischaemia. J Wound Care 17:145–148, 150–2, 154–5 · DOI
- Wolcott RD, Rhoads DD, Bennett ME et al (2010) Chronic wounds and the medical biofilm paradigm. J Wound Care 19:45–46, 48–50, 52, 3 · DOI
- Boucher RC (2002) An overview of the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis lung disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 54:1359–1371 · DOI
- Donaldson SH, Boucher RC (2003) Update on pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis lung disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med 9:486–491 · DOI
- Szaff M, Høiby N, Flensborg EW (1983) Frequent antibiotic therapy improves survival of cystic fibrosis patients with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Acta Paediatr Scand 72: 651–657 · DOI
- Høiby N, Koch C (2000) Maintenance treatment of chronic pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis. Thorax 55:349–350 · DOI
- Høiby N (2011) Recent advances in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in Cystic Fibrosis. BMC Med 9:32 · DOI
- Bjarnsholt T, Jensen PO, Fiandaca MJ et al (2009) Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in the respiratory tract of cystic fibrosis patients. Pediatr Pulmonol 44:547–558 · DOI
- Broder KW, Cohen SR (2006) An overview of permanent and semipermanent fillers. Plast Reconstr Surg 118:7S–14S · DOI
- Christensen L (2007) Normal and pathologic tissue reactions to soft tissue gel fillers. Dermatol Surg 33(Suppl 2):S168–S175
- Christensen L, Breiting V, Janssen M et al (2005) Adverse reactions to injectable soft tissue permanent fillers. Aesthetic Plast Surg 29:34–48 · DOI
- Christensen L, Breiting V, Vuust J et al (2006) Adverse reactions following injection with a permanent facial filler polyacrylamide hydrogel (Aquamid): cause and treatment. Eur J Plast Surg 28:464 · DOI
- Christensen LH (2009) Host tissue interaction, fate, and risks of degradable and nondegradable gel fillers. Dermatol Surg 35(Suppl 2): 1612–1619 · DOI
- Bjarnsholt T, Tolker-Nielsen T, Givskov M et al (2009) Detection of bacteria by FISH in culture-negative soft tissue filler lesions. Dermatol Surg 35:1620–1624 · DOI
- Christensen L, Breiting V, Bjarnsholt T et al (2013) Bacterial infection as a likely cause of adverse reactions to polyacrylamide hydrogel fillers in cosmetic surgery. Clin Infect Dis 56: 1438–1444 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chen, C., Hu, X., He, D., He, X., & Shen, L. (2025) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.70854 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Fazli, M., Bjarnsholt, T., Høiby, N., Givskov, M., & Tolker-Nielsen, T.
- Venue
- Methods in Molecular Biology
- Publisher
- Springer New York
- Published
- 2014
- Pages
- 261-271
- ISSN
- 1064-3745
- 1940-6029
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 1
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review