Measurement of the Mobility of All-Trans-Retinol with Two-Photon Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching
Open accessAbstract
The mobility of all-trans-retinol makes a crucial contribution to the rate of the reactions in which it participates. This is even more so because of its low aqueous solubility, which makes the presence of carrier proteins and the spatial arrangement of cellular membranes especially relevant. In rod photoreceptor outer segments, all-trans-retinol is generated after light exposure from the reduction of all-trans-retinal that is released from bleached rhodopsin. The mobility of all-trans-retinol in rod outer segments was measured with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), using two-photon excitation of its fluorescence. The values of the lateral and axial diffusion coefficients indicate that most of the all-trans-retinol in rod outer segments move unrestricted and without being aided by carriers.
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Retinols and retinyl esters, but not retinals, are intrinsically fluorescent, so their transformation can be followed by two-photon excitation.
“Because retinols and retinyl esters (but not retinals) are intrinsically fluorescent, their transformation can be followed by fluorescence induced by two-photon excitation.”
From Chemistry of the Retinoid (Visual) Cycle (2014) · cites this paper as [293]
The Introduction states that retinol fluorescence can be excited with two-photon light, and describes the conversion of retinol to retinyl ester. It does not say that retinyl esters fluoresce, that retinals do not, or that the transformation can be followed by two-photon fluorescence. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Self-citationAll-Trans Retinol in Rod Photoreceptor Outer Segments Moves Unrestrictedly by Passive Diffusion
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Chemistry of the Retinoid (Visual) Cycle
Kiser, P. D., Golczak, M., & Palczewski, K. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr400107q · Cited by 353 · see citing works
- Authors
- Koutalos, Y.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Corresponding author
- Koutalos, Yiannis
- ORCID
- Koutalos, Yiannis
- Venue
- Methods in Molecular Biology
- Publisher
- Humana Press
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 652
- Pages
- 115-127
- ISSN
- 1064-3745 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-6029
- PMC
- PMC3025666
- OpenAlex
- W50478464
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 1.17
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Methods in molecular biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (R01EY014850)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- all-trans-retinol, diffusion coefficient, rhodopsin bleaching, all-trans-retinal, retinoid transport
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anura, Cell Separation, Diffusion, Movement, Rod Cell Outer Segment, Vitamin A, Photons, Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching
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