The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Consequences of Lowering the Voting Age to 16: Lessons from Comparative Research
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Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The results of analyses of both aggregate and individual level data indicate that indeed there is a substantive positive effect on turnout in these countries in the long run.”
From Lowering the Voting Age to 16 in Practice: Processes and Outcomes Compared (2021) · cites this paper as Franklin (2020)
In the citing paper
“These effects are somewhat imprecisely measured, because of limitations in the data; the main limitation being that the data cover a relatively short time span in just a handful of countries.”
From Lowering the Voting Age to 16 in Practice: Processes and Outcomes Compared (2021) · cites this paper as Franklin (2020)
In the citing paper
“Franklin (2020) finds that there is a moderate rise in voter volatility when the voting age is lowered.”
From Lowering the Voting Age to 16 in Practice: Processes and Outcomes Compared (2021) · cites this paper as Franklin (2020)
In the citing paper
“However, no negative consequences for turnout from lowering the voting age to 18 were found at these more current reductions to 16; rather there were statistically significant positive effects.”
From Lowering the Voting Age to 16 in Practice: Processes and Outcomes Compared (2021) · cites this paper as Franklin (2020)
In the citing paper
“Franklin (2020) compares turnout in Austria and several Latin American countries that lowered the voting age to 16 (Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, and Nicaragua) to countries that did not adopt the reform, finding that countries that enfranchised young people at age 16 saw a significant boost in turnout in the ten to 20 years following the reform.”
From Longer-Term Effects of Voting at Age 16: Higher Turnout Among Young People in Scotland (2025) · cites this paper as Franklin, 2020
Citations
Cites
What To Do (and Not to Do) with Time-Series Cross-Section Data
Beck, N., & Katz, J. N. (1995) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/2082979 · Cited by 6,840
Interaction terms in logit and probit models
Ai, C., & Norton, E. C. (2003) · Economics Letters · doi:10.1016/s0165-1765(03)00032-6 · Cited by 4,599
Kennedy, P. (1979) · Cited by 4,340
Ouellette, J. A., & Wood, W. (1998) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.124.1.54 · Cited by 3,480
A Cross-National Analysis of Economic Voting: Taking Account of the Political Context
Powell, G. B., & Whitten, G. D. (1993) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2111378 · Cited by 2,158
European Union: Power and Policy-Making
Richardson, J. (2015) · Cited by 1,139
Becoming a Habitual Voter: Inertia, Resources, and Growth in Young Adulthood
PLUTZER, E. (2002) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055402004227 · Cited by 1,066
Conditional automaticity: Varieties of automatic influence in social perception and cognition.
Bargh, J. A. (1989) · Cited by 974
Predicting Behavior From Actions in the Past: Repeated Decision Making or a Matter of Habit?
Aarts, H., Verplanken, B., & van Knippenberg, A. (1998) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01681.x · Cited by 923
Butler, D., & Stokes, D. (1974) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-02048-5 · Cited by 867
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Franklin, M. (2004). The dynamics of electoral competition since 1945. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Cited by
Lowering the Voting Age to 16 in Practice: Processes and Outcomes Compared
Eichhorn, J., & Bergh, J. (2021) · Parliamentary Affairs · doi:10.1093/pa/gsab019 · Cited by 25
Longer-Term Effects of Voting at Age 16: Higher Turnout Among Young People in Scotland
Eichhorn, J., & Huebner, C. (2025) · Politics and Governance · doi:10.17645/pag.9283 · Cited by 9
“Investigating this argument empirically is additionally complicated by the fact that findings may be subject to recall error (Franklin, 2020) and that the electoral context in which a young voter is enfranchised matters for a cohort’s starting level of political engagement (Smets & Neundorf, 2014).”
Influential
Metadata
- Authors
- Franklin, M. N.
- Affiliations
- Trinity College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Franklin, Mark N.
- ORCID
- Franklin, Mark N.
- Venue
- Lowering the Voting Age to 16
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2019-11-28
- Pages
- 13-41
- OpenAlex
- W2991644154
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 25.11
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Springer eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council UK (ES/M010856/1)
- The Research Council of Norway (Project no. 249687)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Youth, Politics, and Society
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Theory and Democracy
- Keywords
- voting age, 16-year-olds, youth voter turnout, voting age lowering, young voters, political maturity
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Consequences of Lowering the Voting Age to 16: Lessons from Comparative Research. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/978-3-030-32541-1_2
- The paper
- Franklin, M. N. (2020). Consequences of Lowering the Voting Age to 16: Lessons from Comparative Research. Lowering the Voting Age to 16. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32541-1_2
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
