A Systematic Review of Machine Learning and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in Credit Risk Modelling
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Explainability in AI for credit scoring and risk assessment helps lenders make responsible lending decisions and empowers borrowers to understand and improve their financial profiles.
“Explainability in AI for credit scoring and risk assessment helps lenders make responsible lending decisions and empowers borrowers to understand and improve their financial profiles [62].”
From Recent Emerging Techniques in Explainable Artificial Intelligence to Enhance the Interpretable and Understanding of AI Models for Human (2025) · cites this paper as [62]
XAI identifies key risk factors associated with credit decisions, aiding in the identification and mitigation of potential risks.
“Heng and Subramanian [62] presented that XAI further identifies key risk factors associated with credit decisions, aiding in the identification and mitigation of potential risks.”
From Recent Emerging Techniques in Explainable Artificial Intelligence to Enhance the Interpretable and Understanding of AI Models for Human (2025) · cites this paper as [62]
Cites
Using neural network ensembles for bankruptcy prediction and credit scoring
TSAI, C., & Wu, J. (2007) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2007.05.019 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
A historical perspective of explainable Artificial Intelligence
Confalonieri, R., Çoba, L., Wagner, B., & Besold, T. R. (2020) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery · doi:10.1002/widm.1391 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Support vector machines for credit scoring and discovery of significant features
Bellotti, A. G., & Crook, J. N. (2008) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2008.01.005 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
CREDIT RISK AND COMMERCIAL BANKS’ PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA: A PANEL MODEL APPROACH
Funso, K. T., Kolade, A. R., & Ojo, O. M. (2012) · Australian Journal of Business and Management Research · doi:10.52283/nswrca.ajbmr.20120202a04 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Statistical stability indices for LIME: Obtaining reliable explanations for machine learning models
Visani, G., Bagli, E., Chesani, F., Poluzzi, A., & Capuzzo, D. (2021) · Journal of the Operational Research Society · doi:10.1080/01605682.2020.1865846 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Evaluation of credit risk based on firm performance
Psillaki, M., Tsolas, I. E., & Margaritis, D. (2010) · European Journal of Operational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2009.03.032 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Corporate finance risk prediction based on LightGBM
Wang, D.-N., Li, L., & Da, Z. (2022) · Information Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ins.2022.04.058 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Credit scoring and rejected instances reassigning through evolutionary computation techniques
Chen, M., & Huang, S.-H. (2003) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/s0957-4174(02)00191-4 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Application of support vector machines to corporate credit rating prediction
Lee, Y. (2006) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2006.04.018 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
A study on predicting loan default based on the random forest algorithm
Zhu, L., Qiu, D., Ergu, D., et al. (2019) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2019.12.017 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Predicting Credit Risk in Peer-to-Peer Lending: A Neural Network Approach
Byanjankar, A., Heikkila, M., & Mezei, J. (2015) · IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI) · doi:10.1109/ssci.2015.109 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Waemustafa, W., & Sukri, S. (2016) · International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.4042992 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Loan default prediction using decision trees and random forest: A comparative study
Madaan, M., Kumar, A., Keshri, C., et al. (2021) · IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering · doi:10.1088/1757-899x/1022/1/012042 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Explainable AI in Credit Risk ManagementPreprint
Misheva, B. H., Hirsa, A., Osterrieder, J., Kulkarni, O., & Lin, S. F. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3795322 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Credit scorecard based on logistic regression with random coefficients
Dong, G., Lai, K. K., & Yen, J. (2010) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2010.04.278 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Impact of risk management strategies on the credit risk faced by commercial banks of Balochistan
Rehman, Z. U., Muhammad, N., Sarwar, B., et al. (2019) · Financial Innovation · doi:10.1186/s40854-019-0159-8 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Credit Risk Analysis Using Machine and Deep Learning ModelsPreprint
Addo, P. M., Guégan, D., & Hassani, B. K. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3155047 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Approaches for credit scorecard calibration: An empirical analysis
Bequé, A., Coussement, K., Gayler, R. W., & Lessmann, S. (2017) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2017.07.034 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Loan Default Prediction with Machine Learning Techniques
Lai, L. (2020) · International Conference on Computer Communication and Network Security (CCNS) · doi:10.1109/ccns50731.2020.00009 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Exploring the Machine Learning Algorithm for Prediction the Loan Sanctioning Process
Blessie, E. C., & Rekha, R. (2019) · International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering · doi:10.35940/ijitee.a4881.119119 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Memić, D. (2015) · Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems · doi:10.7906/indecs.13.1.13 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Credit Risk Management of Commercial Banks in Nepal
Pradhan, S., & Shah, A. K. (2019) · Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research · doi:10.3126/jbssr.v4i1.28996 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Customer Loan Prediction Using Supervised Learning Technique
Bhanu, L. U., & Narayana, S. (2021) · International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications · doi:10.29322/ijsrp.11.06.2021.p11453 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Credit Scoring Using Ensemble Machine Learning
Yao, P. (2009) · International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS) · doi:10.1109/his.2009.264 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Application of XGBoost in P2P Default Prediction
Li, Z., Li, S., Li, Z., et al. (2021) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1871/1/012115 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Analysis of Individual Loan Defaults Using Logit under Supervised Machine Learning Approach
Obare, D., Njoroge, G. G., & Muraya, M. M. (2019) · Asian Journal of Probability and Statistics · doi:10.9734/ajpas/2019/v3i430100 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A Support Vector Machine Based Method for Credit Risk Assessment
Xu, W. X., Shenghu, Z., Duan, D., et al. (2010) · IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (ICEBE) · doi:10.1109/icebe.2010.44 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Study on Commercial Bank Credit Risk Based on Information Asymmetry
Shi, C., & Zhang, K. (2009) · International Conference on Business Intelligence and Financial Engineering · doi:10.1109/bife.2009.175 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Study of Credit Risk Evaluation Based on DEA Method
Li, H., & Pang, S. (2010) · International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security (CIS) · doi:10.1109/cis.2010.25 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mathew, D. E., Ebem, D. U., Ikegwu, A. C., Ukeoma, P. E., & Dibiaezue, N. F. (2025) · Neural Processing Letters · doi:10.1007/s11063-025-11732-2 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
- Authors
- Heng, Y. S., & Subramanian, P.
- Affiliations
- Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation (MY)
- Corresponding author
- Heng, Yi Sheng
- ORCID
- Subramanian, Preethi
- Venue
- Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2022-10-13
- Pages
- 596-614
- ISSN
- 2367-3370 (ISSN-L)
- 2367-3389
- OpenAlex
- W4304789250
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 1.80
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Lecture notes in networks and systems (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Accounting › Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques
- Keywords
- credit risk modeling, explainable AI, machine learning, model interpretability, black-box models, regulatory compliance, algorithmic bias
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review