Look on the Bright Side: A Model of Cognitive Change in Virtual Agents
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Embodiment makes conversations with chatbots more empathetic and facilitates effective rapport with users.
“It is purported that embodiment makes conversations with chatbots more empathetic and facilitates effective rapport with users [19,42,43].”
From Effectiveness and safety of using chatbots to improve mental health: systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [43]
Cites
The Cognitive Structure of Emotions
Ortony, A., Clore, G. L., & Collins, A. (1988) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511571299 · Cited by 6,208 · see citing works
On Becoming a Person: A Therapist's View of Psychotherapy
Rogers, C. R. (1961) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 3,637 · see citing works
(2007) · Cited by 3,233 · see citing works
Emotion Regulation in Adulthood: Timing Is Everything
Gross, J. (2001) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00152 · Cited by 1,430 · see citing works
On Becoming a Person: A Therapist’s View of Psychotherapy
Zechuan, C., & Zhang, K. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-6000-2_219-1 · Cited by 803 · see citing works
EMA: A process model of appraisal dynamics
Marsella, S. C., & Gratch, J. (2009) · Cognitive Systems Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2008.03.005 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Feeling and Reasoning: A Computational Model for Emotional Characters
Dias, J., & Paiva, A. (2005) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/11595014_13 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Modeling coping behavior in virtual humans
Marsella, S., & Gratch, J. S. (2003) · Adaptive Agents and Multi-Agents Systems · doi:10.1145/860575.860626 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Relational Agents in Clinical Psychiatry
Bickmore, T., & Gruber, A. (2010) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/10673221003707538 · Cited by 112 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A key characteristic that believable virtual agents should have for their use in clinical psychiatry is the generation of adequate emotional responses that convey empathy during the interaction with the user [2].”
BackgroundA Roadmap to Computer-Based Psychotherapy in the United States
Cartreine, J. A., Ahern, D. K., & Locke, S. E. (2010) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/10673221003707702 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Conceptualizing Empathy in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: Making the Implicit Explicit
Thwaites, R., & Bennett–Levy, J. (2007) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465807003785 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
A computational model based on Gross’ emotion regulation theory
Bosse, T., Pontier, M. A., & Jan Treur, A. (2009) · Cognitive Systems Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2009.10.001 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Modalities for building relationships with handheld computer agents
Bickmore, T., & Mauer, D. (2006) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/1125451.1125567 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Coppélius’ concoction: Similarity and complementarity among three affect-related agent models
Hoorn, J. F., Pontier, M. A., & Siddiqui, G. F. (2011) · Cognitive Systems Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2011.04.001 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Incorporating Emotion Regulation into Virtual Stories
Bosse, T., Pontier, M. A., Siddiqui, G. F., & Jan Treur, A. (2007) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74997-4_31 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
When the User Is Instrumental to Robot Goals: First Try – Agent Uses Agent
Hoorn, J. F., Pontier, M. A., & Siddiqui, G. F. (2008) · IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (WI-IAT) · doi:10.1109/wiiat.2008.113 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Development of Virtual Agents with a Theory of Emotion Regulation
Bosse, T., & de Lange, F. P. J. (2008) · IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (WI-IAT) · doi:10.1109/wiiat.2008.65 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Modelling Two Emotion Regulation Strategies as Key Features of Therapeutic Empathy
Martı́nez-Miranda, J., Bresó, A., & Garcia-Gomez, J. M. (2014) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12973-0_7 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citation(2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203153819 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Relational Agents as an Adjunct in Schizophrenia Treatment
Puskar, K. R., Schlenk, E. A., Callan, J. A., Bickmore, T., & Sereika, S. M. (2011) · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services · doi:10.3928/02793695-20110705-01 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Modeling coping behavior in virtual humans
Marsella, S., & Gratch, J. S. (2003) · Adaptive Agents and Multi-Agents Systems · doi:10.1145/860624.860626 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
An overview of the features of chatbots in mental health: A scoping review
Abd-alrazaq, A. A., Alajlani, M., Alalwan, A. A., Bewick, B. M., Gardner, P., & Househ, M. (2019) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.103978 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
“For example, the chatbots “Woebot” and “Help4Mood” were developed to deliver cognitive behavioural therapy for patients with depression and anxiety [31, 32].”
BackgroundAbd-Alrazaq, A. A., Rababeh, A., Alajlani, M., Bewick, B. M., & Househ, M. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/16021 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
“It is purported that embodiment makes conversations with chatbots more empathetic and facilitates effective rapport with users [19,42,43].”
Perceptions and opinions of patients about mental health chatbots: scoping review
Abd-Alrazaq, A. A., Alajlani, M., Ali, N., Denecke, K., Bewick, B. M., & Househ, M. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/17828 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
“However, participants in other studies had mixed perceptions and opinions about the ability of chatbots to generate friendly [35,44,64] and emotional [64] responses.”
Technical metrics used to evaluate health care chatbots: scoping review
Abd-Alrazaq, A., Safi, Z., Alajlani, M., Warren, J., Househ, M., & Denecke, K. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/18301 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Sebastian, J., & Richards, D. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.071 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Virtual Human Questionnaire for Analysis of Depression, Anxiety and Personality
Jaiswal, S., Valstar, M., Kusumam, K., & Greenhalgh, C. (2019) · ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA) · doi:10.1145/3308532.3329469 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Conversational Agents for Mental Health and Wellbeing
Callejas, Z., & Griol, D. (2021) · Logic, argumentation & reasoning · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-61438-6_11 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Certainly, according to [88], a key characteristic of mental health agents is that they generate adequate emotional responses that convey empathy during the interaction with the user.”
An Ontology-Based Question System for a Virtual Coach Assisting in Trauma Recollection
Tielman, M. L., van Meggelen, M., Neerincx, M. A., & Brinkman, W. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-21996-7_2 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“For mental health-care, virtual characters have been employed for complex user groups such as people suffering from depression [14].”
MethodProvoost, S., Kleiboer, A. M., Ornelas, J., Bosse, T., Ruwaard, J., Rocha, A., Cuijpers, P. J., & Riper, H. M. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04777-2 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Martínez-Miranda and colleagues conducted a pilot study in which an ECA supported users throughout a CBT intervention [15].”
BackgroundBresó, A., Martı́nez-Miranda, J., Fuster‐García, E., & Garcia-Gomez, J. M. (2015) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2015.11.003 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationA Review of Virtual Therapists in Anxiety and Phobias Alleviating Applications
Mitruț, O., Moldoveanu, A. D. B., Petrescu, L., Petrescu, C., & Moldoveanu, F. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77599-5_6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Towards an Affective Intelligent Agent Model for Extrinsic Emotion Regulation
Pico, A., Taverner, J., Vivancos, E., Botti, V. J., & García‐Fornes, A. (2024) · Systems · doi:10.3390/systems12030077 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“The agent, designed to interact with the individual, uses visual cues on the screen and tests to monitor the individual’s emotional state [34].”
Advancing Affective Intelligence in Virtual Agents Using Affect Control Theory
Lithoxoidou, E. E., Eleftherakis, G., Votis, K., & Prescott, T. J. (2025) · ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI) · doi:10.1145/3708359.3712079 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“These agents have gained considerable attention due to their potential for application in various domains, including healthcare [9][6] [27] [5], education [44] [26] [23] [37], customer service [42] [46] [41], psychological therapy [38] [45] [22] [30] [28] and entertainment[33] [25] [24] [14].”
mHealth R&D Activities in Europe
Koumpouros, Y., & Γεωργούλας, Ά. (2016) · Advances in healthcare information systems and administration book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-9861-1.ch002 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
eHealth support for people with depression in the community: a case study series
Wolters, M. K., Tâtar, A. S., Matu, S. A., Moldovan, R., David, D. O., McKinstry, B., & Burton, C. D. (2014) · International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.5555/2729485.2729507 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Pico, A., Taverner, J., Vivancos, E., Botti, V. J., & García‐Fornes, A. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-37616-0_22 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
mHealth R&D Activities in Europe
Koumpouros, Y., & Γεωργούλας, Ά. (2016) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0778-9.ch034 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Coulombe, S., Rickard, N. S., Pacheco, T., Francis, J., Vella-Brodrick, D., Dionne, É., Shestopaloff, A., Vokey, F., Hoang, N. B. L., Leitch, J., et al. (2026) · doi:10.2196/preprints.114548
- Authors
- Martínez-Miranda, J., Bresó, A., & García-Gómez, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Politècnica de València (ES)
- ORCID
- Bresó, Adrián
- Venue
- Lecture Notes in Computer Science
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2014
- Pages
- 285-294
- ISSN
- 0302-9743 (ISSN-L)
- 1611-3349
- OpenAlex
- W76136502
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 3.93
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Lecture notes in computer science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Emotion and Mood Recognition
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- virtual agents, empathy, cognitive change, emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal, positive reappraisal, therapeutic empathy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
