Inter-individual differences in exercise-induced spatial working memory improvement. A near-infrared spectroscopy study.
Abstract
Acute aerobic exercise at a mild intensity improves cognitive function. However, the response to exercise exhibits inter-individual differences, and the mechanisms underlying these differences remain unclear. The objective of this study was to determine potential factors in the brain that underlie differential responses to exercise in terms of cognitive improvement using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Fourteen healthy subjects participated in these experiments. Participants performed a low intensity cycling exercise at 30% maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2peak) for 10 min and performed a spatial memory task before and after exercising (5 and 30 min). The spatial memory task comprised two levels of difficulty (low: 1-dot EXERCISE, high: 3-dot EXERCISE). Cortical oxy-hemoglobin (O 2 Hb) levels were recorded using near-infrared spectroscopy during both the exercise and the spatial memory task phases. Regions of interests included the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), and frontopolar area (FPA). The participants were divided into two groups depending on whether they were responders (improved task reaction time) or non-responders (no improvement). Subsequently, we analyzed the group characteristics and differences in the change in O 2 Hb levels during exercise and spatial working memory tasks. Acute mild exercise significantly improved mean reaction times in the 1-dot memory task but not in the 3-dot task across the participants. In the 1-dot EXERCISE, 10 subjects were responders and four subjects were non-responders, whereas in the 3-dot EXERCISE, seven subjects were non-responders. In responders, during exercise, we found higher O 2 Hb levels in the right VLPFC response for the 1-dot memory task. Acute mild exercise caused inter-individual differences in spatial memory improvement, which were associated with changes in O 2 Hb activity in the prefrontal area during the exercise phase but not during the actual spatial memory task. Therefore, individuals who respond with higher reactivity to mild intensity exercise in the VLPFC might obtain larger spatial working memory improvements following exercise than non-responders.
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Responders who showed improved cognitive performance after a single bout of very-light-to-moderate-intensity endurance exercise exhibited a higher level of prefrontal activation during exercising.
“responders, who showed improved cognitive performance after a single bout of very-light-to-moderate-intensity endurance exercise, exhibited a higher level of prefrontal activation during exercising (Yamazaki et al., 2017).”
From Dose-Response Matters! - A Perspective on the Exercise Prescription in Exercise-Cognition Research (2019) · cites this paper as Yamazaki et al., 2017
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Dose-Response Matters! - A Perspective on the Exercise Prescription in Exercise-Cognition Research
Herold, F., Müller, P., Gronwald, T., & Müller, N. G. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02338 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Yamazaki, Y., Sato, D., Yamashiro, K., Tsubaki, A., Yamaguchi, Y., Takehara, N., & Maruyama, A.
- Affiliations
- Niigata University of Health and Welfare (JP)
- Shimadzu (Japan) (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Yamazaki, Yudai
- Venue
- Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2017
- Volume
- 977
- Pages
- 81-88
- ISSN
- 0065-2598 (ISSN-L)
- 2214-8019
- OpenAlex
- W2724403972
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 20.45
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advances in experimental medicine and biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- acute aerobic exercise, spatial working memory, individual differences, oxyhemoglobin, prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, reaction time, brain reactivity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Female, Humans, Individuality, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Reaction Time, Exercise, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared, Young Adult, Spatial Memory
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