Comparative Anatomy of the Face
Integrity signals
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Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The muscles necessary to express primary emotions are found universally.
“The muscles necessary to express primary emotions are found universally [24], [25], [26]”
From Survey on RGB, 3D, Thermal, and Multimodal Approaches for Facial Expression Recognition: History, Trends, and Affect-Related Applications (2016) · cites this paper as [26]
Cites
FRVT 2006 and ICE 2006 large-scale results
Phillips, P. J., Scruggs, W., O’Toole, A. J., Flynn, P. J., Boyer, K. W., Schott, C. L., & Sharpe, M. J. (2007) · doi:10.6028/nist.ir.7408 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Cottam, W. W. (1999) · Clinical Anatomy · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2353(1999)12:1 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Tuncay, O. C. (1996) · Implant Dentistry · doi:10.1097/00008505-199600540-00041 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Ferrario, V. F., Sforza, C., Ciusa, V., et al. (2001) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1053/joms.2001.21872 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Facial asymmetry quantification for expression invariant human identification
Liu, Y., Schmidt, K. L., Cohn, J. F., & Mitra, S. (2003) · Computer Vision and Image Understanding · doi:10.1016/s1077-3142(03)00078-x · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationSelection for universal facial emotion.
Waller, B. M., Cray, J. J., & Burrows, A. M. (2008) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.8.3.435 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationVariability of the Midfacial Muscles: Analysis of 50 Hemifacial Cadaver Dissections
Pessa, J. E., Zadoo, V. P., Adrian, E. K., et al. (1998) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-199811000-00013 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Double or bifid zygomaticus major muscle: Anatomy, incidence, and clinical correlation
Pessa, J. E., Zadoo, V. P., Garza, P. A., et al. (1998) · Clinical Anatomy · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2353(1998)11:5 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Understanding Craniofacial Anomalies
(2002) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471221953 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The role of structural facial asymmetry in asymmetry of peak facial expressions
Schmidt, K. L., Liu, Y., & Cohn, J. F. (2006) · Laterality Asymmetries of Body Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13576500600832758 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationSTATISTICAL STUDIES ON THE EXCEPTIONAL MUSCLES OF THE KYUSHU-JAPANESE
SATO, S. (1968) · The Kurume Medical Journal · doi:10.2739/kurumemedj.15.69 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
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Corneanu, C. A., Simon, M. O., Cohn, J. F., & Guerrero, S. E. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2016.2515606 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Burrows, A. M., & Cohn, J. F.
- Affiliations
- Duquesne University (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Burrows, Anne M.
- Venue
- Encyclopedia of Biometrics
- Publisher
- Springer US
- Published
- 2014
- Pages
- 1-10
- OpenAlex
- W4300164586
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2016: 1
- Type
- reference entry
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Encyclopedia of Biometrics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Face recognition and analysis
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Face and Expression Recognition
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Biometric Identification and Security
- Keywords
- face recognition, person recognition, biometrics, pose variation, illumination variation, facial expressions, facial image analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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