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Is Tardive Dyskinesia a Unique Disorder?
Abstract
The role of neuroleptics in causing the tardive dyskinesia syndrome is controversial. To properly assess the contribution of drugs as the etiology of dyskinesias, the effects of aging, the natural history of psychosis, and characteristics of spontaneous dyskinesias must be considered. Though the buccolinguo-masticatory triad is seen more often in tardive than in spontaneous dyskinesias, these two disorders have many symptoms in common. Other dyskinesias, such as idiopathic and tardive dystonia or tardive Tourette's syndrome and dyskinesias in untreated schizophrenia, are poorly understood. Chronic neuroleptic treatment may only precipitate TD in those already predisposed to develop such movement disorders. Tardive dyskinesia is not a unique movement disorder, but rather spans several clinical and epidemiological phenomena which must be considered in a balanced evaluation of how much of the permanent dyskinesias should be attributed to neuroleptic drugs.
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An early review of studies found that it took 2-5 years for 60%-90% of symptoms of TD to resolve following antipsychotic cessation.
“An early review of studies found that it took 2–5 years for 60%–90% of symptoms of TD to resolve following antipsychotic cessation (supplementary table S1).76”
From A Method for Tapering Antipsychotic Treatment That May Minimize the Risk of Relapse (2021) · cites this paper as [76]
TD can resolve when antipsychotics are discontinued but this process might, in some cases, take years and may be irreversible in some patients.
“This suggests that TD (along with, presumably, dopaminergic hypersensitivity) can resolve when antipsychotics are discontinued but this process might, in some cases, take years75,76 and may be irreversible in some patients.75”
From A Method for Tapering Antipsychotic Treatment That May Minimize the Risk of Relapse (2021) · cites this paper as [76]
There is likely considerable interindividual variability in the tapering process, with patients able to tolerate greatly varying rates of reduction; some long-term treated patients may need longer periods, and some first-episode patients or those treated for briefer periods may tolerate shorter tapering periods.
“There is likely to be considerable interindividual variability in this process, with patients able to tolerate greatly varying rates of reduction: given the data on time for TD to resolve, some long-term treated patients may need longer periods, and some first-episode patients or those treated for briefer periods may tolerate shorter tapering periods.75,76,78,101”
From A Method for Tapering Antipsychotic Treatment That May Minimize the Risk of Relapse (2021) · cites this paper as [76]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Marsden, C. D.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Marsden, C. D.
- Venue
- Psychopharmacology Supplementum
- Publisher
- Springer Berlin Heidelberg
- Published
- 1985
- Volume
- 2
- Pages
- 64-71
- ISSN
- 0931-6795 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W66854059
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 6.42
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychopharmacology series (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Neurological and metabolic disorders
- Keywords
- tardive dyskinesia, antipsychotic drugs, drug-induced movement disorders, tardive dystonia, untreated schizophrenia, aging, psychosis
- MeSH terms
- Diagnosis, Differential, Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced, Humans, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Stereotyped Behavior, Antipsychotic Agents
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