Quaternary marine and continental sedimentation in the northern Red Sea and Gulf of Suez (Egyptian coast): influences of rift tectonics, climatic changes and sea-level fluctuations
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The region of the Farasan Islands and Jizan on the adjacent mainland is located above an uplifting salt dome, while the offshore topography of the Farasan Islands has a number of deep depressions resulting from salt solution.
“The region of the Farasan Islands and Jizan on the adjacent mainland is located above an uplifting salt dome, while the offshore topography of the Farasan Islands has a number of deep depressions resulting from salt solution (Bosence et al. 1998; Plaziat et al. 1998; Warren 1999).”
From Coastlines, Submerged Landscapes, and Human Evolution: The Red Sea Basin and the Farasan Islands (2007) · cites this paper as Plaziat et al. 1998
Evidence from many locations of elevated marine beach deposits dated to the Last Interglacial at heights above present sea level of c. 5 m, close to the global norm, strengthens the inference that for much of the Red Sea there has been little overall vertical movement of the rift flanks during the past 125,000 years.
“This is consistent with the evidence from many locations of elevated marine beach deposits dated to the Last Interglacial at heights above the present sea level of c. 5 m (e.g. Gvirtzman 1994; Plaziat et al. 1998) close to the global norm, which strengthens the inference that for much of the Red Sea there has been little overall vertical movement of the rift flanks during the past 125,000 years.”
From Coastlines, Submerged Landscapes, and Human Evolution: The Red Sea Basin and the Farasan Islands (2007) · cites this paper as Plaziat et al. 1998
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The Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Basins
Bosworth, W., Huchon, P., & McClay, K. (2005) · Journal of African Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.07.020 · Cited by 1,026 · see citing works
Early human occupation of the Red Sea coast of Eritrea during the last interglacial
Walter, R. C., Buffler, R. T., Bruggemann, J. H., Guillaume, M. M. M., Berhe, S. M., Negassi, B., Libsekal, Y., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., von Cosel, R., et al. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35011048 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Coral reefs and sea-level change
Woodroffe, C. D., & Webster, J. M. (2013) · Marine Geology · doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2013.12.006 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Lambeck, K., Purcell, A., Flemming, N. C., Vita‐Finzi, C., Alsharekh, A., & Bailey, G. N. (2011) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.08.008 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Coral indicators of past sea-level change: A global repository of U-series dated benchmarks
Hibbert, F., Rohling, E. J., Dutton, A. L., Williams, F. H., Chutcharavan, P., Zhao, C., & Tamisiea, M. E. (2016) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.04.019 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Extensional fault-related folding, northwestern Red Sea, Egypt
Khalil, S. M., & McClay, K. (2002) · Journal of Structural Geology · doi:10.1016/s0191-8141(01)00118-3 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Northern Red Sea: Nucleation of an oceanic spreading center within a continental rift
Cochran, J. R. (2005) · Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2004gc000826 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
“…and Miocene volcanism in the northern Red Sea is limited to only a few scattered minor flows and dikes in the lowermost syn-rift 27 of 34 sediments [e.g., Plaziat et al., 1998b; Bosworth and McClay, 2001] which does not represent the ‘‘pronounced magmatism’’ claimed by Makris and Rihm [1991].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCoastlines, Submerged Landscapes, and Human Evolution: The Red Sea Basin and the Farasan Islands
Bailey, G. N., Flemming, N. C., King, G. C. P., Lambeck, K., Momber, G., Moran, L. J., Al-Sharekh, A., & Vita-Finzi, C. (2007) · The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology · doi:10.1080/15564890701623449 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Zazo, C., Goy, J. L. G., Hillaire‐Marcel, C., et al. (2002) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0277-3791(02)00009-4 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
“, 1997), Red sea and Gulf of Suez (Plaziat et al., 1998).”
BackgroundTectonic evolution of the NW Red Sea-Gulf of Suez rift system
Khalil, S. M., & McClay, K. (2001) · Geological Society London Special Publications · doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.2001.187.01.22 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
The Red Sea, Coastal Landscapes, and Hominin Dispersals
Bailey, G. N. (2009) · Vertebrate paleobiology and paleoanthroplogy series/Vertebrate paleobiology and paleoanthropology series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2719-1_2 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Bailey, G. N., & King, G. C. P. (2010) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.06.019 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“Evaporites, formed during the Miocene when the Red Sea was cut off from the Indian Ocean, achieve considerable thicknesses and create additional tectonic warping and instability as a result of local salt doming 17 and dissolution (Bosence et al., 1998; Plaziat et al., 1998; Warren, 1999).”
BackgroundPlaziat, J.-C., & Younis, W. R. (2005) · Carnets de géologie (Notebooks on geology) · doi:10.4267/2042/1453 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationWebster, J. M., Wallace, L. M., Silver, E. A., et al. (2004) · Marine Geology · doi:10.1016/s0025-3227(03)00356-6 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“…(Hantoro et al., 1994), and the Ryukyu Islands (Nakamori et al., 1995a; Sagawa et al., 2001), rifted margins along the Red Sea (Gvirtzman, 1994; Plaziat et al., 1998), subsiding atolls (Camoin et al., 2001) and passive margins in the Great Barrier Reef (International Consortium for Great…”
BackgroundA vast Eemian palaeolake in Southern Jordan (29°N)
Petit-Maire, N., Carbonel, P., Reyss, J., et al. (2010) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.01.012 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationPlaziat, J.-C., Reyss, J., Choukri, A., et al. (2008) · Carnets de géologie (Notebooks on geology) · doi:10.4267/2042/16743 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationOrszag-Sperber, F., Plaziat, J.-C., Baltzer, F., et al. (2001) · Sedimentary Geology · doi:10.1016/s0037-0738(00)00172-x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationReconstructing the level of the central Red Sea evaporites at the end of the Miocene
Mitchell, N. C., Shi, W. L., Izzeldin, A. Y., et al. (2020) · Basin Research · doi:10.1111/bre.12513 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Based on extensive field observations particularly on the Egyptian Red Sea coast, Pleistocene coral reefs extend to 50 m elevation (Mansour & Madkour, 2015; Plaziat et al., 1998, 2008).”
BackgroundPetrovic, A., Ariza-Fuentes, M., Putri, I. S., Yahaya, L. N., Khanna, P., Purkis, S. J., & Vahrenkamp, V. (2021) · Sedimentology · doi:10.1111/sed.12955 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“There is a further presumption of wind and wave erosion of diagenetically stabilized Pleistocene islands and reefs (Bruckner et al., 2012; Khanna et al., 2021), as additional sources of LMC (e.g. Plaziat et al., 1998).”
BackgroundNew late Pleistocene seismites in a shoreline series including eolianites, north of Rabat (Morocco)
Plaziat, J.-C., Aberkan, M., & Reyss, J. (2006) · Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France · doi:10.2113/gssgfbull.177.6.323 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationRed Sea rifting in central Egypt: constraints from the offshore Quseir province
Ali, M., Decarlis, A., Ligi, M., et al. (2022) · Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/jgs2022-105 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Morsy, M. A., Hussein, H. M., Elenean, K. M. A., et al. (2011) · Journal of African Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2011.03.006 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Rivers, J. M., Yousif, R., Kaczmarek, S. E., & Al-Shaikh, I. M. (2020) · Sedimentology · doi:10.1111/sed.12805 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Erosion of unlithified beach and reef-flat sediment has been noted (Plaziat et al., 1998), and it is possible that fluvial processes during glacial periods contributed to removal of back reef deposits (Gvirtzman et al., 1977).”
BackgroundPleistocene reefs of the Egyptian Red Sea: environmental change and community persistence
Casazza, L. R. (2017) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.3504 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Today, emerged reef terraces running parallel to the modern coastline are a nearly continuous feature of the entire Red Sea (El Moursi et al., 1994; Gvirtzman et al., 1977; Plaziat et al., 2008; Plaziat et al., 1998).”
BackgroundAlexandroff, S., Zuschin, M., & Kroh, A. (2016) · Facies · doi:10.1007/s10347-016-0468-6 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“However, the mean sea level was higher during the Eemian, and back-reef deposits are present in MIS 5e reefs at Quseir el Qadim (Plaziat et al. 1998; Taviani 1998a).”
BackgroundInfluentialRaised Coral Reefs and Sediments in the Coastal Area of the Red Sea
Mansour, A. M., & Madkour, H. A. (2015) · Springer earth system sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45201-1_23 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
ESR and U-Th dating results for Last Interglacial coral reef terraces at the northern coast of Cuba
Schielein, P., Burow, C., Pajón, J. M., et al. (2019) · Quaternary International · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2019.11.041 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“To name just a few examples: Barbados (Schellmann and Radtke, 2004), Haiti (Dumas et al., 2006), Hawaii (Muhs and Szabo, 1994; Hearty et al., 2000), the Bahamas (Hearty et al., 2007 and references therein), Western Australia (Stirling et al., 1998; Hearty et al., 2007 and references therein), Egypt (Plaziat et al., 19…”
BackgroundAl-Mikhlafi, A. S., Hibbert, F., Edwards, L. R., & Cheng, H. (2020) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106719 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Lithospheric Structure of the Red Sea Based on 3D Density Modeling: A Contrasting Rift Architecture
Issachar, R., Garcia, A. M. G., & Ebbing, J. (2023) · Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth · doi:10.1029/2022jb025458 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Saleh, S., & Pašteka, R. (2012) · Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy · doi:10.2478/v10126-012-0003-x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Other scattered dikes and flows in Sinai have been dated at 22– 27 Ma (Meneisy, 1990; Plaziat et al., 1998; Bosworth and McClay, 2001) and a few basalt flows near Quseir (26◦05′′N) on the Egyptian Red Sea coast have been dated at 23–25 Ma (Meneisy, 1990; Plaziat et al.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialInvestigating the Palaeoshorelines and Coastal Archaeology of the Southern Red Sea
Inglis, R., Bosworth, W., Rasul, N., Al-Saeedi, A. O., & Bailey, G. N. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99408-6_25 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Yacoub, S. I., Saber, S. G., Ali, R. A. M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2024.12.031 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Ribot, M., Lefèvre, M., Klinger, Y., Pons‐Branchu, E., Dapoigny, A., & Jónsson, S. (2024) · Tectonics · doi:10.1029/2023tc007977 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Pleistocene Coral Reef Terraces on the Saudi Arabian Side of the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea
Taviani, M., Montagna, P., Rasul, N., et al. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99408-6_16 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Al-Mikhlafi, A. S., Edwards, L. R., & Cheng, H. (2017) · Journal of African Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.10.023 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kahal, A. Y., El‐Sorogy, A. S., Alfaifi, H. J., et al. (2019) · Geological Journal · doi:10.1002/gj.3503 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Pleistocene fringing reefs were developed along the coasts of the Red Sea during interglacial high stands (El Moursi, Hoang, El Fayoumy, Hegab, & Faure, 1994; Plaziat et al., 1998).”
BackgroundStratigraphy and evolution of emerged Pleistocene reefs at the Red Sea coast of Sudan
Hamed, B. O., Bussert, R., & Dominik, W. (2015) · Journal of African Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2015.11.011 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Issachar, R., Haas, P. A., Augustin, N., & Ebbing, J. (2024) · Solid Earth · doi:10.5194/se-15-807-2024 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Independent evidence suggests that rifting had begun simultaneously along the entire Red Sea at late Oligocene-Early Miocene, ~23 Ma (Plaziat et al., 1998; Szymanski et al., 2016; Stockli and Bosworth, 2018; Morag et al., 2019).”
BackgroundThe Red Sea and Gulf of Aden basins
Bosworth, W., Huchon, P., & McClay, K. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-56357-6.00003-2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Three common sampling techniques in Pleistocene coral reefs of the Red Sea: a comparison
Ivkić, A., Puff, F., Kroh, A., et al. (2023) · Geological Society London Special Publications · doi:10.1144/sp529-2022-227 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Al-Hashim, M. H., El-Asmar, H. M., Hereher, M. E., et al. (2021) · Arabian Journal of Geosciences · doi:10.1007/s12517-021-07437-0 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Quaternary Environmental and Climatic Changes in Egypt: Proxies from Sedimentary Records
El-Asmar, H. M. (2023) · Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation/Advances in science, technology & innovation · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95637-0_16 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Bantan, R. A. R. (2006) · Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Marine Sciences · doi:10.4197/mar.17-1.9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Braithwaite, C. J. R. (2022) · Marine Geology · doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2022.106985 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Zaky, K. S. (2017) · Geotectonics · doi:10.1134/s0016852117060097 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Late Miocene carbonates and reefs and Pliocene to Recent syn-rift clastics overlie the evaporates in the coastal outcrops [64, 73].”
BackgroundChoukri, A., Hakam, O. K., & Reyss, J. (2011) · Carnets de géologie (Notebooks on geology) · doi:10.4267/2042/39245 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationAngeletti, L., Rasul, N., & Taviani, M. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99408-6_17 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Al-Saud, M. M. (2013) · Arabian Journal of Geosciences · doi:10.1007/s12517-013-1068-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Last Interglacial and Reef Development
Blanchon, P. (2011) · Encyclopedia of earth sciences series/Encyclopedia of earth sciences · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2639-2_105 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Millepora in Pleistocene coral reefs of Egypt
Ivkić, A., Kroh, A., Mansour, A. M., et al. (2022) · Lethaia · doi:10.18261/let.55.2.3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Late Pleistocene Red Sea Mollusca: 1. Polyplacophora
Dell’Angelo, B., Landau, B., Sosso, M., et al. (2020) · Zootaxa · doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4772.3.1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mostafa, A. (2025) · Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation/Advances in science, technology & innovation · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-80928-6_8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chapter Four Controls on the Development, Distribution and Preservation of Reefs
Montaggioni, L. F., & Braithwaite, C. J. R. (2009) · Developments in marine geology · doi:10.1016/s1572-5480(09)05004-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Review article Coral reefs and sea-level change
Woodroffe, C. D., & Webster, M. S. (2014) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Abdelmaksoud, A. J., & El-Haddad, A. E. (2019) · Arabian Journal of Geosciences · doi:10.1007/s12517-019-4385-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“The evaporites in the coastal outcrops are overlain by Late Miocene carbonate and reefs along with Pliocene to Recent syn-rift clastics (Montenat et al. 1988; Said 1990; Heath et al. 1998; Plaziat et al. 1998).”
BackgroundComment on egusphere-2023-2467
Issachar, R., Haas, P., Augustin, N., et al. (2023) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-2467-cc1
Comment on egusphere-2023-2467
Issachar, R., Haas, P., Augustin, N., et al. (2023) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-2467-rc1
Issachar, R., Haas, P. A., Augustin, N., et al. (2023) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-2467-cc2
Issachar, R. (2023) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-2467-ac1
Issachar, R. (2023) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-2467-ac2
Issachar, R., Haas, P., Augustin, N., et al. (2023) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-2467-rc2
Issachar, R. (2023) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-2467-ac3
Comment on egusphere-2023-2467
Issachar, R., Haas, P., Augustin, N., et al. (2024) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-2467-rc3
Issachar, R. (2024) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-2467-ac4
Beitzel, B. J. (2025) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783111677866-003
Sea Level, Climate, and Ecological Controls on Mixed Coastlines in the Northern Red Sea
Altyeb, W., Rendall, B., & Mutti, M. (2025) · SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) eBooks · doi:10.2110/sepmscn.058.21
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Rendall, B., Warrlich, G., Badr, R., et al. (2025) · SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) eBooks · doi:10.2110/sepmscn.058.07
- Authors
- Plaziat, J.-C., Baltzer, F., Choukri, A., Conchon, O., Freytet, P., Orszag-Sperber, F., Raguideau, A., & Reyss, J.-L.
- Affiliations
- Royal Holloway University of London (GB)
- Université Paris-Sud (FR)
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR)
- ORCID
- Choukri, A.
- Venue
- Sedimentation and Tectonics in Rift Basins Red Sea:- Gulf of Aden
- Publisher
- Springer Netherlands
- Published
- 1998
- Pages
- 537-573
- OpenAlex
- W45179253
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.90
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Springer eBooks (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and environmental studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Earth-Surface Processes › Geological formations and processes
- Keywords
- Quaternary sedimentation, marine sediment, continental deposits, rift tectonics, sea-level fluctuations, glacio-eustasy, paleoclimate, U-Th dating, coral reefs, sea urchins, gypsum, Early Pleistocene, Holocene, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea, rifting
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