Cited by 187Machine Learning and AlgorithmsMachine Learning and Data ClassificationArtificial Intelligence Applications

Machine learning as an experimental science

Open access
Langley, Pat·1988·Machine Learning

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/bf00115008

Cites

9 of 9 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Feature selection does not always improve the model's accuracy.

    “Nonetheless, because ML is an experimental science, it is not always ensured to improve the model's accuracy through the feature selection step [55].”

    From Cost Overrun Risk Assessment and Prediction in Construction Projects: A Bayesian Network Classifier Approach (2022) · cites this paper as [55]

    In “Dependent measures of learning” (page unavailable), the paper says that plausible learning methods can worsen performance. “Varying the learning method” (page unavailable) also says a component may fail to aid learning. These passages support the general caution, but neither addresses feature selection specifically or shows its effect on model accuracy. (LLM, conf=0.78)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Simon, H. A. (1969). The ~cience~s of the artificial. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Langley, P.
Venue
Machine Learning
Published
1988-08
Volume
3
Issue
1
Pages
5-8
ISSN
  • 0885-6125 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-0565
OpenAlex
W2400138769
Cited by
187
References
9
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 9
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
Machine Learning (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Machine Learning and Algorithms
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Machine Learning and Data Classification
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Artificial Intelligence Applications
Keywords
experimental science, scientific method, reproducibility, hypothesis testing

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review