The effects of four antihypertensive agents on the stroop colour-word test in normal male volunteer subjects
Abstract
Sixty healthy male volunteers were randomly assigned to one of six treatment groups on a double-blind basis: 1. Atenolol = 50 mg t.d.s. 2. Methyl dopa = 250 mg t.d.s. 3. Propanolol = 40 mg t.d.s. 4. Reserpine = 0.2 mg t.d.s. 5. Placebo. 6. Control = no tablets. Tests were carried out before treatment, 2 h after the first dose, after seven doses, and after 21 doses. Subjects performance on the Stroop Colour-Word Test was assessed in terms of (a) word reading speed and (b) an 'interference' score based on the difference between the incongruous colour word and colour card reading speed. No evidience was found of central effects of the beta-blockers, but personality X drug interactions were found, particularly in the reserpine group.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The observed effect of propranolol on IAT was unlikely due to a general impairing effect of propranolol on cognitive performance.
“it seems unlikely that the observed effect on IAT was due to a general impairing effect of propranolol on cognitive performance, given that previous research has demonstrated that propranolol and other beta blockers do not impair performance on purely cognitive conflict tasks, such as the standard Stroop test (Harvey et al. 1977; Lasser et al. 1989; Nakano etal. 1978).”
From Propranolol reduces implicit negative racial bias (2012) · cites this paper as Harvey et al. 1977
Propranolol and other beta blockers do not impair performance on purely cognitive conflict tasks, such as the standard Stroop test.
“previous research has demonstrated that propranolol and other beta blockers do not impair performance on purely cognitive conflict tasks, such as the standard Stroop test (Harvey et al. 1977; Lasser et al. 1989; Nakano etal. 1978).”
From Propranolol reduces implicit negative racial bias (2012) · cites this paper as Harvey et al. 1977
Cites
Statistical principles in experimental design.
Winer, B. J. (1962) · McGraw-Hill Book Company · doi:10.1037/11774-000 · Cited by 27,137 · see citing works
Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions
Stroop, J. R. (1935) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0054651 · Cited by 18,622 · see citing works
Statistical Principles in Experimental Design
Myers, J. L., & Winer, B. J. (1964) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1419292 · Cited by 8,111 · see citing works
How we should measure "change": Or should we?
Cronbach, L. J., & Furby, L. (1970) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0029382 · Cited by 2,456 · see citing works
The stroop color-word test: A review
Jensen, A. R., & Rohwer, W. D. (1966) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/0001-6918(66)90004-7 · Cited by 958 · see citing works
The Stroop phenomenon and its use in the stlldy of perceptual, cognitive, and response processes
Dyer, F. N. (1973) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03198078 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
THE EFFECT OF PROPRANOLOL ON THE ANXIETY
Granville-Grossman, K., & Turner, P. (1966) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(66)91863-0 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Unwanted range effects from using within-subject experimental designs.
Poulton, E. C. (1973) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0034731 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Some effects of propranolol on the central nervous system
Leszkovszky, G. P., & Tardos, L. (1965) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1965.tb07715.x · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Central nervous system effects of four β-adrenergic receptor blocking agents
Murmann, W., Almirante, L., & Saccani-Guelfi, M. (1966) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1966.tb07878.x · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Comparative Effects of Propranolol and Chlordiazepoxide in Anxiety States
Wheatley, D. (1969) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.115.529.1411 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
The role of bodily feelings in anxiety
Tyrer, P. J. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Effect of noise on the Stroop test.
Hartley, L. R., & Adams, R. G. (1974) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0035695 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Central and peripheral effects of propranolol and sotalol in normal human subjects
Lader, M. H., & Tyrer, P. (1972) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1972.tb08113.x · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Tranquillizing effects of propranolol demonstrated in rats
Bainbridge, J. G., & Greenwood, D. T. (1971) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/0028-3908(71)90073-6 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The role of bodily feelings in anxiety
Shapiro, D. (1977) · Social Science & Medicine (1967) · doi:10.1016/0037-7856(77)90066-x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
The Influence of Amobarbital (Amylobarbitone) and Methamphetamine on the Focus of Attention
Callaway, E. (1959) · Journal of Mental Science · doi:10.1192/bjp.105.439.382 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Bonn, J. A., & Turner, P. (1971) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(71)91915-5 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
An Introduction to Psychopharmacology
King, A. R. (1972) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/0028-3908(72)90049-4 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The Effects of Psychotropic Drugs upon Driving-Related Skills
Clayton, A. B. (1976) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872087601800305 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationSome Psychopharmacological Effects of Atropine
Callaway, E. (1958) · A M A Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1958.02340010109010 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
EXperimental design and analysis
Lee, W. (1975) · W.H. Freeman eBooks · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Ogle, C. W., Turner, P., & Markomihelakis, H. (1976) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00421117 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Experimental Design and Analysis.
Beaver, R. J., & Lee, W. (1975) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2529567 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
CNS effects of propranolol in man
Orzack, M. H., Branconnier, R. J., & Gárdos, G. (1973) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00429277 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The effects of atenolol (tenormin) and methyldopa on simple tests of central nervous function.
Bayliss, P. F. C., & Duncan, S. (1975) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1975.tb00571.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
A single dose study of trazodone with an assessment of its effect on mood and arousal.
Munday, B., Kendall, M. J., & MITCHARD, M. (1975) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1975.tb00466.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The effect of propranolol on normal physiologic tremor
Zilm, D. H., & Sellers, E. M. (1976) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(76)90123-1 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Electrophysiological effects of triiodothyronine and propranolol
Straumanis, J. J., & Shagass, C. (1976) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00421115 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The psychotropic effects of atenolol in normal subjects preliminary findings.
Betts, T. A., & Blake, A. E. (1977) · PubMed · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hollenberg, N. K., Williams, G. H., & Adams, D. F. (1981) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.3.1.11 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Beta-blockers and central nervous system side effects
McAinsh, J., & Cruickshank, J. M. (1990) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/0163-7258(90)90092-g · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Propranolol reduces implicit negative racial bias
Terbeck, S., Kahane, G., McTavish, S., Savulescu, J., Cowen, P. J., & Hewstone, M. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2657-5 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Heel, R. C., Brogden, R. N., Speight, T. M., & Avery, G. S. (1979) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-197917060-00001 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Neuropsychological Side Effects of ß-Blockers
Dimsdale, J. E. (1989) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1989.00390030020005 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Langley, A., & Pope, E. (2014) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.13379 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Central Nervous Actions of β-Adrenoreceptor Antagonists
Conway, J., Greenwood, D. T., & Middlemiss, D. N. (1978) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0540119 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Beta-adrenoceptor antagonists in psychiatry and neurology
Middlemiss, D. N., Buxton, D. A., & Greenwood, D. T. (1981) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/0163-7258(81)90089-9 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Central effects of beta‐adrenoceptor antagonists. I‐Performance and subjective assessments of mood.
Currie, D. L., Lewis, R., McDevitt, D., Nicholson, A., & Wright, N. (1988) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1988.tb03378.x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Neuropsychological consequences of antihypertensive medication use
Muldoon, M. F., Waldstein, S. R., & Jennings, J. R. (1995) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/03610739508253990 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Behavioral performance effects of antihypertensive drugs: Human and animal studies
Turkkan, J. S. (1988) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(88)80003-4 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Neuropsychological Consequences of Cardiovascular Disease
Waldstein, S. R., Snow, J., Muldoon, M. F., & Katzel, L. I. (2001) · Critical issues in neuropsychology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1287-5_4 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Memory performance by mild hypertensives following beta-adrenergic blockade
Madden, D. J., Blumenthal, J., Ekelund, L. G., Krantz, D. S., Light, K. C., & McKee, D. C. (1986) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00175183 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Drug-Related Cognitive Impairment: Current Progress and Recurrent Problems
Morrison, R. L., & Katz, I. R. (1990) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-40455-3_8 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Neuropsychological Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs
Wurzelmann, J. I., Frishman, W. H., Aronson, M. K., Masur, D. M., & Ooi, W. L. (1987) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8651(18)30521-6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Eliasson, K., Kahan, T., Hylander, B., & Hjemdahl, P. (1987) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1987.tb03129.x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Franc�s, H., Puech, A. J., Chermat, R., & Simon, P. (1979) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00426920 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Neuropsychological and physical side effects of metoprolol in essential hypertensives.
McCaffrey, R. J., Ortega, A., Orsillo, S. M., Haase, R. F., & McCoy, G. C. (1992) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037//0894-4105.6.3.225 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Central Nervous Actions of Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonists
Buxton, D. A., Greenwood, D. T., & Middlemiss, D. N. (1982) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-67770-0_16 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Harvey, P. G., Clayton, A. B., & Betts, T. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Venue
- Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 1977
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 133-138
- ISSN
- 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2072
- OpenAlex
- W2050270622
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- antihypertensive drugs, Stroop task, beta-blockers, atenolol, propranolol, methyldopa, reserpine, cognitive interference, healthy men
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Antihypertensive Agents, Atenolol, Clinical Trials as Topic, Color Perception, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Male, Methyldopa, Personality, Personality Tests, Propranolol, Reading, Reserpine, Speech
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review