Phase II trial of echinomycin for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma: A Southwest Oncology Group study
Abstract
Forty-nine patients with metastatic or recurrent renal cell carcinoma were treated on a phase II trial of Echinomycin. Treatment consisted of Echinomycin 1.25 mg/m2 intravenously every 28 days. Among the 47 evaluable patients there were no complete responses and only one partial response for an overall response rate of 2% (95% confidence interval, 0-11%). Eighteen patients (38%) experienced toxicity of grade 3 or worse. The most common toxicities were nausea and vomiting. The results of this study indicate that Echinomycin is not sufficiently active to warrant further trials for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.
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Clinical trials conducted in the 1990s across multiple tumor types revealed substantial toxicity, most commonly gastrointestinal, with minimal antitumor efficacy.
“clinical trials conducted in the 1990s across multiple tumor types revealed substantial toxicity, most commonly gastrointestinal, with minimal antitumor efficacy [[386], [387], [388]].”
From HIF inhibition: Current strategies and clinical challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [386]
Clinical development of echinomycin was discontinued because it was not effective for patients with solid tumors refractory to all available treatments.
“However, clinical development was discontinued because echinomycin was not found to be effective for patients with solid tumors that were refractory to all available treatments.”
From Liposomal Formulation of HIF-1α Inhibitor Echinomycin Eliminates Established Metastases of Triple-negative Breast Cancer (2020) · cites this paper as [16]
CrEL-echinomycin caused severe nausea and vomiting, constituting its dose-limiting toxicity.
“CrEL-echinomycin also caused severe nausea and vomiting, constituting its dose-limiting toxicity11, 12, 15-21.”
From Liposomal Formulation of HIF-1α Inhibitor Echinomycin Eliminates Established Metastases of Triple-negative Breast Cancer (2020) · cites this paper as [16]
Clinical studies have provided considerable safety data for echinomycin.
“Clinical studies have provided considerable safety data for echinomycin10-12, 14-18, 41-45”
From Liposomal Formulation of HIF-1α Inhibitor Echinomycin Eliminates Established Metastases of Triple-negative Breast Cancer (2020) · cites this paper as [16]
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Echinomycin: a bifunctional intercalating antibiotic
Waring, M. J., & Wakelin, L. P. G. (1974) · Nature · doi:10.1038/252653a0 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Phase I study of echinomycin administered on an intermittent bolus schedule.
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(1987) · PubMed · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Tang, F., Bernot, K. M., Schore, R., Marcucci, G., Caligiuri, M. A., Zheng, P., & Liu, Y. (2014) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2013-12-544221 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Bailey, C. M., Liu, Y., Peng, G., Zhang, H., He, M., Sun, D., Zheng, P., Liu, Y., & Wang, Y. (2020) · Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.nano.2020.102278 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
HIF inhibition: Current strategies and clinical challenges
Więch-Walów, A., Bartoszewska, S., Barton, A., Czechowicz, P., Dudzik, J., Wielockx, B., Collawn, J. F., & Bartoszewski, R. (2026) · Redox biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2026.104220 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Consistent with these limitations, clinical trials conducted in the 1990s across multiple tumor types revealed substantial toxicity, most commonly gastrointestinal, with minimal antitumor efficacy [386 – 388].”
- Authors
- Marshall, M. E., Wolf, M. K., Crawford, E. D., Taylor, S., Blumenstein, B., Flanigan, R., Meyers, F. J., Hynes, H. E., Barlogie, B., & Eisenberger, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- SWOG Cancer Research Network (US)
- University of Colorado Denver (US)
- University of Kansas Medical Center (US)
- Loyola University Chicago (US)
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Investigational New Drugs
- Published
- 1993-06
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 207-209
- ISSN
- 0167-6997 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-0646
- OpenAlex
- W2327884061
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Investigational New Drugs (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (CA 37429, CA 42777, CA-12644, U10CA012644, U10CA042777, U10CA037429)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Renal cell carcinoma treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cancer therapeutics and mechanisms
- Keywords
- echinomycin, renal cell carcinoma, metastatic renal cell carcinoma, recurrent renal cell carcinoma, cancer chemotherapy, treatment response, drug toxicity, nausea and vomiting
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Carcinoma, Renal Cell, Echinomycin, Female, Humans, Kidney Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged
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