The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Taking aim on empowerment research: On the distinction between individual and psychological conceptions
Open accessAbstract
Summary: Empowerment theory need not remain a mystery. Efforts, such as those described in this special section, to outline more clearly the nomological network of empowerment at multiple levels of analysis will advance empowerment theory. Tough‐minded rigorous research is needed to advance the concept of empowerment. Empowerment research requires us to shift our attention from a debate between the merits of research at one level of analysis versus another to building bridges between levels of analysis. We must integrate theories and methods from other disciplines and develop research strategies that incorporate qualitative procedures and the voices of the research participants. The papers in this special section take aim on these tasks and add to our understanding of empowerment.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Psychological empowerment: Issues and illustrations
Zimmerman, M. A. (1995) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf02506983 · Cited by 2,317
Self-citationZimmerman, M. A. (2000) · Handbook of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4193-6_2 · Cited by 1,653
Self-citationLiden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., & Sparrowe, R. T. (2000) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-9010.85.3.407 · Cited by 1,438
Israel, B. A., Checkoway, B., Schulz, A., & Zimmerman, M. (1994) · Health Education Quarterly · doi:10.1177/109019819402100203 · Cited by 788
Self-citationThe enhancement of psychological wellness: Challenges and opportunities
Cowen, E. L. (1994) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf02506861 · Cited by 490
Metadata
- Authors
- Zimmerman, M. A.
- Venue
- American Journal of Community Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1990-02
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 169-177
- ISSN
- 0091-0562 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2770
- OpenAlex
- W2030122043
- Cited by
- 616
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 7.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Taking aim on empowerment research: On the distinction between individual and psychological conceptions. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/bf00922695
- The paper
- Zimmerman, M. A. (1990). Taking aim on empowerment research: On the distinction between individual and psychological conceptions. American Journal of Community Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00922695
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.