The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Entrepreneurial scientists and entrepreneurial universities in American academic science
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
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Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
The Matthew Effect in Science, II: Cumulative Advantage and the Symbolism of Intellectual Property
Merton, R. K. (1988) · Isis · doi:10.1086/354848 · Cited by 1,397
Academic Entrepreneurs: Organizational Change at the Individual Level
Bercovitz, J., & Feldman, M. (2008) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1070.0295 · Cited by 912
The Third Mission of the university: A systematic literature review on potentials and constraints
Compagnucci, L., & Spigarelli, F. (2020) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120284 · Cited by 892
Rippa, P., & Secundo, G. (2019) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.013 · Cited by 361
Landry, R., Amara, N., & Rherrad, I. (2006) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2006.09.020 · Cited by 305
Metadata
- Authors
- Etzkowitz, H.
- Venue
- Minerva
- Published
- 1984
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 198-233
- ISSN
- 0026-4695 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-1871
- OpenAlex
- W2014049116
- Cited by
- 673
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 13.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Entrepreneurial scientists and entrepreneurial universities in American academic science. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/bf01097964
- The paper
- Etzkowitz, H. (1984). Entrepreneurial scientists and entrepreneurial universities in American academic science. Minerva. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01097964
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
