Topological quantum field theory
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2 + 1 dimensional gravity as an exactly soluble system
Witten, E. (1988) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(88)90143-5 · Cited by 2,562 · see citing works
Self-citationDouglas, M., & Nekrasov, N. (2001) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.73.977 · Cited by 2,096 · see citing works
Topological quantum field theory
Atiyah, M. F. (1988) · Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS · doi:10.1007/bf02698547 · Cited by 976 · see citing works
A Four-Dimensional Generalization of the Quantum Hall Effect
Zhang, S.-C., & Hu, J. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.294.5543.823 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Time in quantum gravity: An hypothesis
Rovelli, C. (1991) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.43.442 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Relativistic spin networks and quantum gravity
Barrett, J. W., & Crane, L. (1998) · Journal of Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.532254 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Linking topological quantum field theory and nonperturbative quantum gravity
Smolin, L. (1995) · Journal of Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.531251 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
State sum invariants of 4-manifolds
Crane, L., Kauffman, L. H., & Yetter, D. N. (1997) · Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications · doi:10.1142/s0218216597000145 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Basis of the Ponzano-Regge-Turaev-Viro-Ooguri quantum-gravity model is the loop representation basis
Rovelli, C. (1993) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.48.2702 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Clock and category: Is quantum gravity algebraic?
Crane, L. (1995) · Journal of Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.531240 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
The Physical Meaning of the Holographic Principle
Fields, C., Glazebrook, J. F., & Marcianò, A. (2022) · Quanta · doi:10.12743/quanta.v11i1.206 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Quantum computing: the future of big data and artificial intelligence in spine
Mallow, G. M., Hornung, A., Barajas, J. N., Rudisill, S. S., An, H. S., & Samartzis, D. (2022) · Spine Surgery and Related Research · doi:10.22603/ssrr.2021-0251 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
- Authors
- Witten, E.
- Affiliations
- Institute for Advanced Study (US)
- Corresponding author
- Witten, Edward
- ORCID
- Witten, Edward
- Venue
- Communications in Mathematical Physics
- Published
- 1988-09
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 353-386
- ISSN
- 0010-3616 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0916
- OpenAlex
- W2164252329
- Cited by
- 2,396
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 89 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 93 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 102 · 2019: 71 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 70 · 2016: 71 · 2015: 69 · 2014: 69 · 2013: 76 · 2012: 62
- FWCI
- 100.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Communications in Mathematical Physics (publishedVersion)
- Project Euclid (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Geometry and Topology › Geometric and Algebraic Topology
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Mathematical Physics › Homotopy and Cohomology in Algebraic Topology
- Keywords
- topological field theory, supersymmetric gauge theories, twisted supersymmetry, Donaldson invariants, 4-manifolds, Floer homology, 3-manifolds, low-dimensional topology, general covariance, topological excitations
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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