The Nursing Stress Scale: Development of an instrument

Gray-Toft, Pamela, Anderson, James G.·1981·Journal of Behavioral Assessment
DOI 10.1007/bf01321348

Cited by (674)

Items 201–300 of 674

  1. Do nurses feel stressed? A perspective from primary health care
    Galdikienė, Nijolė, Asikainen, Paula, Balčiūnas, Sigitas, Suominen, Tarja · 2014 · Nursing & Health Sciences
  2. Veterinary nurses' psychological well‐being: The impact of patient suffering and death
    Rebecca E. Deacon, Paula Ann Brough · 2016 · Australian Journal of Psychology
  3. Why so stressed? A comparative study on stressors and stress between hospital and non-hospital nurses
    Rosnawati Muhamad Robat, Mohd Fadhli Mohd Fauzi, Nur Adibah Mat Saruan, Hanizah Mohd Yusoff, Abdul Aziz Harith · 2021 · BMC Nursing
  4. Job stressors and social support behaviors: Comparing intensive care units to wards in Jordan
    MAJD TAWFEEQ MRAYYAN · 2009 · Contemporary Nurse
  5. Nurse responsiveness to cancer patient expressions of emotion
    Lisa Kennedy Sheldon, Lee Ellington, Roseann Barrett, William N. Dudley, Margaret F. Clayton, Krista Rinaldi · 2008 · Patient Education and Counseling
  6. The association between sensory processing and stress in the adult population: A systematic review
    Áine Harrold, Kim Keating, Fionnuala Larkin, Annalisa Setti · 2024 · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being
  7. Compassion fatigue, watching patients suffering and emotional display rules among hospice professionals: a daily diary study
    Igor Portoghese, Maura Galletta, Philip Joseph Larkin, Salvatore Sardo, Marcello Campagna, Gabriele Finco, Ernesto d’Aloja · 2020 · BMC Palliative Care
  8. Stress, strain, and health outcomes of occupational drivers: An application of the effort reward imbalance model on Taiwanese public transport drivers
    Yi-Shih Chung, Hui-Ling Wu · 2013 · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour
  9. Burnout in Transplant Nurses
    Jesse, Michelle T., Abouljoud, Marwan S., Hogan, Kathy, Eshelman, Anne · 2015 · Progress in Transplantation
  10. Stress, Coping, and Psychological Well-Being Among New Graduate Nurses in China
    Guiyuan Qiao, Sijian Li, Jie Hu · 2011 · Home Health Care Management & Practice
  11. Mental health and health-related quality of life among healthcare workers in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
    Adila Taufik Syamlan, Sovia Salamah, Firas Farisi Alkaff, Yogi E Prayudi, Muhammad Kamil, Abyan Irzaldy, Azimatul Karimah, Maarten Jacobus Postma, Fredrick Dermawan Purba, Bustanul Arifin · 2022 · BMJ Open
  12. Development of the Psychiatric Nurse Job Stressor Scale (PNJSS)
    Hironori Yada, Hiroshi Abe, Yayoi Funakoshi, Hisamitsu Omori, Hisae Matsuo, Yasushi Ishida, Takahiko Katoh · 2011 · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
  13. Palliative care stress in a UK community hospital: evaluation of a stress-reduction programme
    Benjamin MS Bruneau, George T. H. Ellison · 2004 · International Journal of Palliative Nursing
  14. Empathy and stress in nurses working in haemodialysis: a qualitative study
    Christel Vioulac, Colette Aubree, Ziad A. Massy, Aurélie Untas · 2016 · Journal of Advanced Nursing
  15. Effects of a Stress Management Training Program With Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction
    Aysel Karaca, Nuriye Yıldırım Şişman · 2019 · Journal of Nursing Education
  16. Outcomes and outcome measures used in evaluation of communication training in oncology – a systematic literature review, an expert workshop, and recommendations for future research
    Felix H. Fischer, Stefanie M. Helmer, Alizé A. Rogge, Juan Ignacio Arrarás, Anika Buchholz, Annegret F. Hannawa, Markus Horneber, Alexander Kiss, Matthias Rose, Wolfgang Söllner et al. · 2019 · BMC Cancer
  17. Comparing Jordanian nurses’ job stressors in stressful and non-stressful clinical areas
    Shaher Hamad Hamaideh, Ali Ahmad Ammouri · 2011 · Contemporary Nurse
  18. Differences in Medical Error Risk among Nurses Working Two- and Three-shift Systems at Teaching Hospitals: A Six-month Prospective Study
    Katsutoshi Tanaka, Masaya Takahashi, Hisanori Hiro, Mitsuru KAKINUMA, Mika Tanaka, Naoki Kamata, Hitoshi Miyaoka · 2010 · Industrial Health
  19. Occupational stress and cognitive style in nurses: 2
    Richard Riding, Herman H Wheeler · 1995 · British Journal of Nursing
  20. Reducing emotional distress in nurses using cognitive behavioral therapy: A preliminary program evaluation
    BRUNERO, Scott, COWAN, Darrin, FAIRBROTHER, Greg · 2008 · Japan Journal of Nursing Science
  21. The experiences and perceptions of newly qualified nurses in the UK: An integrative literature review
    Analisa Smythe, Vanda Carter · 2022 · Nurse Education in Practice
  22. The relationship between quality of work life and location of cross-training among obstetric nurses in urban northeastern Ontario, Canada: A population-based cross sectional study
    Behdin Nowrouzi‐Kia, Nancy Lightfoot, Lorraine Carter, Michel A. S. Larivière, Ellen E. Rukholm, Robert Joel Schinke, Diane Belanger-Gardner · 2015 · International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
  23. Hospice nurse identification of comfortable and difficult discussion topics: Associations among self-perceived communication effectiveness, nursing stress, life events, and burnout
    Margaret F. Clayton, Eli Iacob, Maija Reblin, Lee Ellington · 2019 · Patient Education and Counseling
  24. The Emotional Intelligence, Occupational Stress, and Coping Characteristics by Years of Nursing Experiences of Newly Hired Oncology Nurses
    Ann M. Mazzella Ebstein, Kay See Tan, Katherine S. Panageas, Judith E. Arnetz, Margaret Barton‐Burke · 2021 · Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing
  25. Work characteristics and well-being of Swiss apprentices entering the labor market 1This article is based on the research project “Work Experience and Quality of Life in Switzerland: Work, Stress, and Personality Development” funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation within the Swiss Priority Program “Switzerland: Towards the Future” (Grant No. 5004-047898 to N.K. Semmer [principal investigator] and J.-P. Dauwalder [co-principle investigator]).
    Wolfgang Kälin, Norbert Karl Semmer, Achim Elfering, Franziska Tschan, Jean-Pierre Dauwalder, Sibylle Heunert, Fabienne Crettaz von Roten · 2000 · Swiss Journal of Psychology
  26. Investigating the frequency of nursing stressors: A comparison across wards
    Philip J. Dewe · 1988 · Social Science & Medicine
  27. Reducing Workload and Increasing Patient Safety Through Work and Workspace Design
    Ann Schoofs Hundt, Pascale Carayon, Carla J. Alvarado · 2003 · Minds at UW (University of Wisconsin)
  28. Evaluation of occupational stress and job performance in Iranian nurses: the mediating effect of moral and emotional intelligence
    Vahid Alinejad, Naser Parizad, Laleh Almasi, Rozita Cheraghi, Mehri Piran · 2023 · BMC Psychiatry
  29. Work environment factors in coping with patient death among Spanish nurses: a cross-sectional survey
    María Povedano Jiménez, Genoveva Granados Gámez, María Paz García‐Caro · 2020 · Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem
  30. The Relationship between Job Stress and Job Satisfaction among Saudi Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Omar Ghazi Baker, Bandar Dhafer Alshehri · 2020 · Nurse Media Journal of Nursing
  31. Prevalence and risk factors of low back pain among nurses in a Thai public hospital.
    Chuliporn Sopajareeya, Chukiat Viwatwongkasem, Punyarat Lapvongwatana, OiSaeng Hong, Surintorn Kalampakorn · 2009 · PubMed
  32. Estresores laborales y satisfacción en la enfermería de una unidad de críticos
    María Jesús Simón García, A.L. Blesa Malpica, Consuelo Bermejo-Pablos, M. Antonia Calvo Gutierro, Carmen Gómez De Enterría Pérez · 2005 · Enfermería Intensiva
  33. Staff stress in the children’s hospice: causes, effects and coping strategies
    Kelly A. Barnes · 2001 · International Journal of Palliative Nursing
  34. The effect of emotional intelligence on nurses’ job performance: the mediating role of moral intelligence and occupational stress
    Rozita Cheraghi, Naser Parizad, Vahid Alinejad, Mehri Piran, Laleh Almasi · 2025 · BMC Nursing
  35. Nurse stress and patient safety in the ICU: physician-led observational mixed-methods study
    Manju Mathew, Anjum John, Reshma V. R · 2025 · BMJ Open Quality
  36. Development and validation of the Work Stressor Inventory for Nurses in Oncology: preliminary findings
    Xavier Borteyrou, Didier Truchot, Nicole Rascle · 2013 · Journal of Advanced Nursing
  37. Relationships between the characteristics of oncohematology services providing palliative care and the sociodemographic characteristics of caregivers using health indicators: social support, perceived stress, coping strategies, and quality of work life
    Anne‐Marie Pronost, Amélie Le Gouge, Daniéle Leboul, M Gardembas-Pain, Christian Berthou, Bruno Giraudeau, Evelyne Fouquereau, Philippe Colombat · 2011 · Supportive Care in Cancer
  38. Emotional Exhaustion and Defense Mechanisms in Intensive Therapy Unit Nurses
    Anna Regan, Ruth A. Howard, Jan Rachel Oyebode · 2009 · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
  39. Nurses' stressors and their quality of life: A study on nurses caring for older patients
    Huda A. Anshasi, Mirna A. Fawaz, Sura Alhalalmeh, Wafa Qasem Ahmad, Ahmad Tassi · 2020 · Nursing Open
  40. A scale for measuring specific job demands within the health care sector: Development and psychometric assessment
    Lisa Sundin, Jacek Hochwälder, Carina Bildt · 2007 · International Journal of Nursing Studies
  41. Home health nurses: Stress, self-esteem, social intimacy, and job satisfaction
    Shirley M. Moore, S. L. Lindquist, Barry Katz · 1997 · Home Care Provider
  42. Occupational stress and health care use.
    Michael R. Manning, Conrad N. Jackson, Marcelline R. Fusilier · 1996 · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology
  43. Analysis of risk of medical errors using structural-equation modelling: a 6-month prospective cohort study
    Mika Tanaka, Katsutoshi Tanaka, Tomoki Takano, Noritada Kato, Mayumi Watanabe, Hitoshi Miyaoka · 2012 · BMJ Quality & Safety
  44. Job strain, coping, and burnout among Japanese nurses.
    Kazuyo Kitaoka‐Higashiguchi, Hideaki Nakagawa · 2003 · Japanese Journal of Health and Human Ecology
  45. A Comparison of Stress Factors in Home and Inpatient Hospice Nurses
    Mary Martens · 2009 · Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing
  46. Measurement of occupational stress in hospital settings: Two validity studies of a measure of self-reported stress in medical emergency rooms
    Jeffrey S. Hammer, John W. Jones, John S. Lyons, Diane M. Sixsmith, Elora Afficiando · 1985 · General Hospital Psychiatry
  47. Effects of rose and lavender scents on nurses' job stress: A randomized controlled trial
    Mohsen Emadikhalaf, Ali Asghar Ghods, Nemat Sotodehasl, Majid Mirmohamadkhani, Mojtaba Vaismoradi · 2023 · EXPLORE
  48. Stress factors vs. job satisfaction among nursing staff in the Pomeranian Province (Poland) and the Vilnius Region (Lithuania)
    Katarzyna Kwiecień-Jaguś, Wioletta Anna Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska, Andrzej L. Chamienia, Vcitorija Kielaite · 2017 · Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
  49. Comparison of stress, job satisfaction, perception of control, and health among district nurses in Stockholm and prewar Zagreb
    Stefanija Tholdy Doncevic, Anders Ro­melsjö, Töres Theorell · 1998 · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health
  50. Death Anxiety and Job Stress in Hospice and Medical-Surgical Nurses
    Barbara Bené, Martha J. Foxall · 1991 · The Hospice Journal
  51. A survey of intention to leave, job stress, burnout and job satisfaction among nurses employed in the Ha'il region's hospitals in Saudi Arabia
    Salman Alsaqri · 2014 · RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library)
  52. Finding a Middle Ground
    Allyn Rippin, Craig Zimring, Owen B. Samuels, Megan E. Denham · 2015 · HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal
  53. Nurses Consuming Energy Drinks Report Poorer Sleep and Higher Stress
    Mykin R. Higbee, Jenifer M. Chilton, Mohammed A. El‐Saidi, Gloria Duke, Barbara K Haas · 2019 · Western Journal of Nursing Research
  54. A Literature Review to Identify Effective Web- and App-Based mHealth Interventions for Stress Management at Work
    Selina Marita Egger, Sara Frey, Lena Sauerzopf, Ursula Meidert · 2023 · Workplace Health & Safety
  55. Nursing Work Stress
    Seng‐Su Tsang, Tzu‐Yin Chen, Shih-Fong Wang, Hsin-Ling Tai · 2012 · Journal of Nursing Research
  56. Stress Experienced by Turkish Nursing Students and Related Factors
    Nuriye Yıldırım, Aysel Karacan, Handan Çamdeviren Ankaralı, Ferhan Açıkgöz, Dilek Akkuş · 2016 · Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences
  57. Organisational level interventions for reducing occupational stress in healthcare workers
    Sabir I. Giga, Ian J. Fletcher, Georgios Sgourakis, Caroline A. Mulvaney, Brenda H. Vrkljan · 2018 · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
  58. Buffering Nursing Stress Through Play at Work
    Karen Dokter Des Camp, Cher Thomas · 1993 · Western Journal of Nursing Research
  59. Occupational stress in neurosurgical nursing
    John W Snape, Stephen J. Cavanagh · 1993 · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing
  60. The influence of work stress and work support on burnout in public hospital nurses.
    Rebecca Spooner‐Lane · 2004 · Faculty of Education
  61. Sources of Work-Related Stress Among Omani Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Safiya Al-Yaqoubi, Judie Arulappan · 2023 · Journal of Patient Experience
  62. A pilot data collecting exercise on stress and nursing students
    Jitna Por · 2005 · British Journal of Nursing
  63. Stressors affecting nurses in China
    Zeyu Qin, Xin Zhong, Jiahui Ma, Hongjing Lin · 2016 · Contemporary Nurse
  64. A Cross-Sectional Study of Perceived Stress, Mindfulness, Emotional Self-Regulation, and Self-Care Habits in Registered Nurses at a Tertiary Care Medical Center
    Elaina Vivian, Hellen Oduor, Sharina R. Arceneaux, Jasmine A. Flores, Allison Vo, Barbara Madson Madden · 2019 · SAGE Open Nursing
  65. A pilot study on the association between job stress and repeated measures of immunological biomarkers in female nurses
    Kyoung-Mu Lee, Daehee Kang, Kijung Yoon, Sun‐Young Kim, Ho Kim, Hyung-Suk Yoon, Douglas B. Trout, Joseph J. Hurrell · 2010 · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
  66. Workplace Stressors and Coping Strategies Among Chinese Psychiatric Nurses
    Zhongxiang Cai, Kun Li, Xun-Cheng Zhang · 2008 · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care
  67. The mediating effect of resilience and job satisfaction on the relationship between critical care nurses’ stress-and task performance: findings to improve nursing care
    Sameer Abdulmalik Alkubati, Omar Ali Al- Sagheer Sumaida Khaled Sharia AlRashidi, Hamdan Albaqawi, Abdulhafith Alharbi, Adel Omar Laradhi, Galal Faisal Albani, Salman Alsaqri, Eddieson Astodello Pasay-an, Aziza Zakaria Farmawy Ali · 2025 · BMC Nursing
  68. Systematic Review of Health-Related Work Outcome Measures and Quality Criteria-Based Evaluations of Their Psychometric Properties
    Bilal Akhter Mateen, Catherine Doogan, Kate Hayward, Susan Jane Hourihan, Joanne Hurford, E. Diane Playford · 2016 · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
  69. Hard Enough to Manage My Emotions: How Hardiness Moderates the Relationship Between Emotional Demands and Exhaustion
    Greta Mazzetti, Dina Guglielmi, Gabriela Topa · 2020 · Frontiers in Psychology
  70. Trait Forgiveness Moderated the Relationship Between Work Stress and Psychological Distress Among Final-Year Nursing Students: A Pilot Study
    Lingyan Li, Caixia Yao, Yan Zhang, Guangyuan Chen · 2020 · Frontiers in Psychology
  71. Role conflict, job crafting, stress and resilience among nurses during COVID‐19
    Surabhi Sahay, Ralph A. Gigliotti, Maria Dwyer · 2022 · Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management
  72. Validity and Reliability of Malay Version of the Job Content Questionnaire among Public Hospital Female Nurses in Malaysia
    NA Amin, Kia Fatt Quek, Jennifer Anne Oxley, R. M. Noah, Rusli Bin Nordin · 2015 · The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
  73. A critical review of the relationship between perception of the work environment, coping and mental health in trained nurses, and patient outcomes
    Martyn C. Jones, Derek William Johnston · 2000 · Clinical Effectiveness in Nursing
  74. Nurse Stress Scale (NSS): Reliability and validity of the Turkish version
    Selda Mert, Aylin Aydın Sayılan, Canan Baydemır · 2020 · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care
  75. When empowered nurses are under stress: Understanding the impact on attitudes and behaviours
    Laura M. Heron, Valentina Bruk‐Lee · 2019 · Stress and Health
  76. Scales Used to Measure Job Stressors in Intensive Care Units: Are They Relevant and Reliable? A Systematic Review
    Alexandra Laurent, Florent Lheureux, Magali Genet, M.C. Martín Delgado, Maria Grazia Bocci, Alessia Prestifilippo, Guillaume Besch, Gilles Capellier · 2020 · Frontiers in Psychology
  77. Betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung in der Pflege
    Natascha Mojtahedzadeh, Felix Alexander Neumann, Elisabeth Rohwer, Matthias Augustin, Birgit‐Christiane Zyriax, Volker Harth, Stefanie Mache · 2020 · Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung
  78. Effet des caractéristiques des services en oncohématologie développant la démarche palliative et des caractéristiques sociodémographiques des soignants sur les indicateurs de santé: soutien social, stress perçu, stratégies de coping, qualité de vie au travail
    Anne‐Marie Pronost, Amélie Le Gouge, Daniéle Leboul, M Gardembas-Pain, Christian Berthou, Bruno Giraudeau, Philippe Colombat · 2008 · ONCOLOGIE
  79. Self-efficacy, perfectionism, and stress in Canadian nurses.
    S O'Brien, Stewart Page · 1994 · PubMed
  80. A 1-Year Accredited Nurse Residency Program's Effect on Intent to Leave
    Kim Reina Failla, Laurie Ecoff, Jaynelle F. Stichler, Luc R. Pelletier · 2021 · JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration
  81. Administrative stressors and nursing job outcomes in Australian public and non‐profit health care organisations
    Stephen Teo, Melissa Yeung, Esther M.L. Chang · 2012 · Journal of Clinical Nursing
  82. The perception of self-esteem and self-efficacy as transforming factors in the sources of role stress and job satisfaction relationship of employees: A trial of a staged model based on the artificial neural network method
    Kürşad Zorlu · 2012 · AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
  83. Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale
    Kyoung Mi Kim, Kyoung Ah Nam, Eun‐Hee Lee, Geum Hee Jeong · 2015 · Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
  84. Work Engagement of Nurses in Private Hospitals
    Prasanjit Dasgupta · 2016 · Journal of Health Management
  85. Investigation of marital satisfaction and its relationship with job stress and general health of nurses in Qazvin, Iran
    Jalil Azimian, Pegah Pira, Hassan Jahanihashemi, Leila Dehghankar · 2017 · Electronic physician
  86. Job demands, job control, and social support as predictors of job satisfaction and burnout in Croatian palliative care nurses
    Ivana Tucak Junaković, Ivana Macuka · 2021 · Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology
  87. Occupational stress among hospital nurses in Gaza-Palestine
    Bashir Al Hajjar · 2013 · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)
  88. Exploring the connections between destructive leadership styles, occupational pressures, support systems, and professional burnout in nursing: a cross-sectional survey
    Nourah Alsadaan · 2025 · BMC Nursing
  89. “Burnout syndrome and association with work stress in nursing staff in public hospital of the northern border of Mexico”
    Samuel Acosta-Ramos, Flor Rocío Ramírez-Martínez, Ivette Reveles Manríquez, Maria Galindo-Odilon, Sibly Yanin Estrada-Esparza, Juana Trejo-Franco, Luis Flores-Padilla · 2021 · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing
  90. Professional Quality of Life, Work-Related Stress, and Job Satisfaction among Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach
    Emad Adel Shdaifat, Noha Al‐Shdayfat, Najla M. Al-Ansari · 2023 · Journal of Environmental and Public Health
  91. Replication and Examination of Research Data on Job Stress and Coworker Social Support With Internet and Traditional Samples
    RAEDA FAWZI ABUALRUB · 2006 · Journal of Nursing Scholarship
  92. Similarity in Predictors between Near Miss and Adverse Event among Japanese Nurses Working at Teaching Hospitals
    Katsutoshi Tanaka, Tempei Otsubo, Mika Tanaka, Akiko Kaku, Nao Nishinoue, Tomoki Takanao, Naoki Kamata, Hitoshi Miyaoka · 2010 · Industrial Health
  93. Association between Pap smear screening and job stress in Taiwanese nurses
    Shiang-Yuan Su, Shu-Ti Chiou, Nicole Huang, Chiu‐Mieh Huang, Jen‐Huai Chiang, Li‐Yin Chien · 2015 · European Journal of Oncology Nursing
  94. The Bahasa Melayu Version of the Nursing Stress Scale Among Nurses: A Reliability Study in Malaysia
    Muhamad Robat Rosnawati, Htay Moe, Retneswari Masilamani, Azlan Darus · 2010 · Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
  95. Stress in student midwives: an occupational perspective
    Stephen J. Cavanagh, John W Snape · 1997 · British Journal of Midwifery
  96. An evaluation of the effects of shift rotation on nurses' stress, coping and strain
    Derek L. Milne, Frances Watkins · 1986 · International Journal of Nursing Studies
  97. ESTRESSE OCUPACIONAL DA ENFERMEIRA DE CENTRO DE MATERIAL
    Arlete Silva, Estela Regina Ferraz Bianchi · 1992 · Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP
  98. Sources of Stress for Nurses in Neonatal Intensive Care Units of East Azerbaijan Province, Iran
    Leila Valizadeh, Alireza Farnam, Vahid Zamanzadeh, Mostafa Bafandehzendeh · 2012 · PubMed Central
  99. The Relationship Between Positive Perceptions Toward Organizational Politics and the Work-Related Outcomes of Nurses
    Ali Movahedi, Mohammad Bidkhori, Tajmohammad Arazi, Mostafa Khaleghipour, Fatemeh Amini · 2020 · Journal of Nursing Research
  100. Development and Validation of the Brief Nursing Stress Scale (BNSS) in a Sample of End-of-Life Care Nurses
    Noemí Sansó, Gabriel Vidal‐Blanco, Laura Galiana · 2021 · Nursing Reports