The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Test Reliability Estimated by Analysis of Variance
Abstract
A formula for estimating the reliability of a test, based on the analysis of variance theory, is developed and illustrated. The data needed for the required computation are the number of correct responses to each item and the score for each subject. The results obtained from this formula are identical with those from one of the special cases of the Kuder-Richardson formulation. The relationships of the new procedure to other approaches to the problem are indicated.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931
Development and validation of the working alliance inventory
Horvath, A. O., & Greenberg, L. S. (1989) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-0167.36.2.223 · Cited by 3,520
On the use, the misuse, and the very limited usefulness of Cronbach’s alpha
Sijtsma, K. (2009) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/s11336-008-9101-0 · Cited by 2,814
A Basis for Analyzing Test-Retest Reliability
Guttman, L. (1945) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02288892 · Cited by 1,122
Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences
Bouchard, T. J., & McGue, M. (2003) · Journal of Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/neu.10160 · Cited by 870
Metadata
- Authors
- Hoyt, C.
- Venue
- Psychometrika
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1941-06
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 153-160
- ISSN
- 0033-3123 (ISSN-L)
- 1860-0980
- OpenAlex
- W2032760400
- Cited by
- 513
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 3.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Test Reliability Estimated by Analysis of Variance. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/bf02289270
- The paper
- Hoyt, C. (1941). Test Reliability Estimated by Analysis of Variance. Psychometrika. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02289270
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.