Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 450

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Test “Reliability”: Its Meaning and Determination

Cronbach, Lee J.·1947·Psychometrika
DOI 10.1007/bf02289289
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The concept of test reliability is examined in terms of general, group, and specific factors among the items, and the stability of scores in these factors from trial to trial. Four essentially different definitions of reliability are distinguished, which may be called the hypothetical self-correlation, the coefficient of equivalence, the coefficient of stability, and the coefficient of stability and equivalence. The possibility of estimating each of these coefficients is discussed. The coefficients are not interchangeable and have different values in corrections for attentuation, standard errors of measurement, and other practical applications.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/bf02289289

Cites

7 of 7 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 7 references

Cited by

See all 450

Metadata

Authors
Cronbach, L. J.
Venue
Psychometrika
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
1947-03
Volume
12
Issue
1
Pages
1-16
ISSN
  • 0033-3123 (ISSN-L)
  • 1860-0980
DOI
10.1007/bf02289289
OpenAlex
W2088078019
Cited by
450
References
7
FWCI
4.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Test “Reliability”: Its Meaning and Determination. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/bf02289289
The paper
Cronbach, L. J. (1947). Test “Reliability”: Its Meaning and Determination. Psychometrika. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02289289

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.