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The Effect of Sampling Error on Convergence, Improper Solutions, and Goodness-of-Fit Indices for Maximum Likelihood Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Abstract
A Monte Carlo study assessed the effect of sampling error and model characteristics on the occurrence of nonconvergent solutions, improper solutions and the distribution of goodness-of-fit indices in maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis. Nonconvergent and improper solutions occurred more frequently for smaller sample sizes and for models with fewer indicators of each factor. Effects of practical significance due to sample size, the number of indicators per factor and the number of factors were found for GFI, AGFI, and RMR, whereas no practical effects were found for the probability values associated with the chi-square likelihood ratio test.
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Citations
Cites
Statistical analysis of sets of congeneric tests
Jöreskog, K. G. (1971) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02291393 · Cited by 1,481
Cited by
Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411 · Cited by 41,941
Self-citationOn the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/bf02723327 · Cited by 26,163
Comparative fit indexes in structural models.
Bentler, P. M. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238 · Cited by 25,266
Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Indexes for Testing Measurement Invariance
Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002) · Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1207/s15328007sem0902_5 · Cited by 16,280
Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. M. (1998) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.3.4.424 · Cited by 12,298
Metadata
- Authors
- Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W.
- Venue
- Psychometrika
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1984-06
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 155-173
- ISSN
- 0033-3123 (ISSN-L)
- 1860-0980
- OpenAlex
- W2042539525
- Cited by
- 1,833
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 20.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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