Photoplethysmography: Part 1 Comparison with laser Doppler flowmetry
Abstract
Photoplethysmography (PPG) and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) were compared and evaluated. The comparison was accomplished considering differences in physical principles and geometrical and optical conditions. Changes in human skin perfusion were induced by cold and hot water provocation on limited areas of the finger and the forearm. The results showed that LDF and PPG, using red light at 630-660 nm and a commercial PPG probe, were in general equally sensitive in detecting a blood perfusion increase following a skin temperature elevation. However, we also found that PPG occasionally showed an inverse response to a skin temperature elevation, especially in finger skin. Furthermore, the study indicated that laser light is unsuitable as a light source in PPG using optical fibres of small diameter and with no fibre separation. It was also found that the physical dimensions of the probe (including the light source and photodetector) play an important role in determining the measuring volume and the quality of the signal.
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PPG amplitude showed a direct response to skin temperature elevation, especially in the finger skin.
“Lindberg et al. found that PPG amplitude showed a direct response to skin temperature elevation, especially in the finger skin of 10 Caucasian young adults (aged 22–30) using three different arrangements of PPG probes with different source/detector separations [153].”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [153]
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References 16 · Cited by 46
- Authors
- Lindberg, L. G., Tamura, T., & Öberg, P. Å.
- Affiliations
- Linköping University (SE)
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (JP)
- Venue
- Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing
- Published
- 1991-01
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 40-47
- ISSN
- 0140-0118 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-0444
- OpenAlex
- W2329392758
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Infrared Thermography in Medicine
- Keywords
- photoplethysmography, laser Doppler flowmetry, skin blood flow, skin temperature, finger skin, forearm skin, red light, optical fibers, probe geometry, signal quality
- MeSH terms
- Hot Temperature, Humans, Lasers, Photography, Plethysmography, Skin
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