Occurrence and levels of ecdysteroids in spinach
Abstract
Abstract The dominant ecdysteroid in spinach,Spinacia oleracea L., is 20‐hydroxyecdysone (2β,3β,14α, 20R,22R,25‐hexahydroxy‐5β‐cholest‐7‐en‐6‐one) with the presence of a smaller amount of polypodine B (2β,3β,5β,14α,20R,22R,25‐heptahydroxycholest‐7‐en‐6‐one). Ecdysteroids are present in the seed embryo at 14 μg ecdysteroid/seed, and ecdysteroid levels increase, in the plant during growth and development. During the onset of ecdysteroid production, the ratio of ecdysteroid to total sterol shifts from a value of one to about ten over the course of a week. Spinach may serve as a model to study ecdysteroid biosynthesis in plants.
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Ecdysteroids have been detected in only a few food plant species, e.g., spinach, quinoa, yam tubers, and some mushrooms.
“The presence of ecdysteroids has been investigated in food plants, and it has been detected in a few species only [43,44,180], e.g., spinach [181], quinoa [182], yam tubers [183] and in some mushrooms [32,42].”
From Ecdysteroids (2021) · cites this paper as [181]
Among major food crops, spinach contains the highest amounts of ecdysteroids, about 0.01% fresh weight.
“However, of the major food crops, spinach contains the highest amounts of ecdysteroids, about 0.01% fresh weight [4].”
From Ecdysteroid Content and Therapeutic Activity in Elicited Spinach Accessions (2020) · cites this paper as [4]
Spinach contains ecdysteroids, primarily 20-hydroxyecdysone.
“Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) has been known to contain ecdysteroids, primarily 20HE, for some time [17]”
From Ecdysteroid Content and Therapeutic Activity in Elicited Spinach Accessions (2020) · cites this paper as [4]
In Spinacia oleracea L. (spinach), the major ecdysteroid is ecdysterone, which can occur in concentrations between 50 and 800 μg per g fresh weight tissue, depending on growth rate of the plant.
“In Spinacia oleracea L. (spinach), the major ecdysteroid is ecdysterone, which can occur in concentrations between 50 and 800 μg per g fresh weight tissue, depending on growth rate of the plant176.”
From The Phytochemical, Biological, and Medicinal Attributes of Phytoecdysteroids: An Updated Review (2021) · cites this paper as [176]
The average rate of 20E is about 300 μg per g of fresh tissue.
“The average rate of 20E is about 300 µg per g of fresh tissue [33].”
From Adaptogenic Properties of a Phytoecdysteroid-Rich Extract from the Leaves of Spinacia oleracea L. (2021) · cites this paper as [33]
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References 15 · Cited by 52
- Authors
- Grebenok, R. J., Ripa, P. V., & Adler, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Michigan Technological University (US)
- ORCID
- Grebenok, Robert J.
- Venue
- Lipids
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1991-08
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 666-668
- ISSN
- 0024-4201 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-9307
- OpenAlex
- W1967033090
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Lipids (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (Michigan Technological University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Phytochemical Studies and Bioactivities
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Keywords
- ecdysteroids, spinach, 20-hydroxyecdysone, polypodine B, ecdysteroid biosynthesis, seed embryo, sterols, plant growth and development
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