The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The framing effect of relative and absolute risk
Overview
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Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-3338 · Cited by 35,305
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.185.4157.1124 · Cited by 28,810
Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1975) · Utility, Probability, and Human Decision Making · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-1834-0_8 · Cited by 22,650
The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7455683 · Cited by 18,497
Hosmer, D. W., Lemeshow, S., & Sturdivant, R. X. (2013) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118548387 · Cited by 13,861
An Assessment of Clinically Useful Measures of the Consequences of Treatment
Laupacis, A., Sackett, D. L., & Roberts, R. S. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198806303182605 · Cited by 1,681
Cited by
Charnock, D., Shepperd, S., Needham, G., & Gann, R. (1999) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.53.2.105 · Cited by 3,329
Helping Doctors and Patients Make Sense of Health Statistics
Gigerenzer, G., Gaissmaier, W., Kurz-Milcke, E., Schwartz, L. M., & Woloshin, S. (2007) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1111/j.1539-6053.2008.00033.x · Cited by 1,336
Cancer Screening in Elderly Patients: A Framework for Individualized Decision Making
Walter, L. C., & Covinsky, K. E. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.21.2750 · Cited by 1,003
The Role of Culture in Health Communication
Kreuter, M. W., & McClure, S. M. (2004) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.25.101802.123000 · Cited by 686
Communicating Evidence for Participatory Decision Making
Epstein, R. M. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.291.19.2359 · Cited by 628
Metadata
- Authors
- Malenka, D. J., Baron, J. A., Johansen, S., Wahrenberger, J. W., & Ross, J. M.
- Venue
- Journal of General Internal Medicine
- Published
- 1993-10
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 543-548
- ISSN
- 0884-8734 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-1497
- OpenAlex
- W2118473976
- Cited by
- 370
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 14.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The framing effect of relative and absolute risk. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/bf02599636
- The paper
- Malenka, D. J., Baron, J. A., Johansen, S., Wahrenberger, J. W., & Ross, J. M. (1993). The framing effect of relative and absolute risk. Journal of General Internal Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02599636
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
