Holographic entanglement entropy for general higher derivative gravity
Open accessAbstract
We propose a general formula for calculating the entanglement entropy in theories dual to higher derivative gravity where the Lagrangian is a contraction of Riemann tensors. Our formula consists of Wald’s formula for the black hole entropy, as well as corrections involving the extrinsic curvature. We derive these corrections by noting that they arise from naively higher order contributions to the action which are enhanced due to would-be logarithmic divergences. Our formula reproduces the Jacobson-Myers entropy in the context of Lovelock gravity, and agrees with existing results for general four-derivative gravity. We emphasize that the formula should be evaluated on a particular bulk surface whose location can in principle be determined by solving the equations of motion with conical boundary conditions. This may be difficult in practice, and an alternative method is desirable. A natural prescription is simply minimizing our formula, analogous to the Ryu-Takayanagi prescription for Einstein gravity. We show that this is correct in several examples including Lovelock and general four-derivative gravity.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The minimum of the disconnected and completely connected topologies dominates the path integral and gives the unitary Page curve.
“The minimum of the two dominates the path integral and gives the unitary Page curve, see [70,71] (see also [24,84]).”
From The entropy of Hawking radiation (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
Cites
Particle creation by black holes
Hawking, S. W. (1975) · Communications In Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf02345020 · Cited by 13,106 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The study of black hole thermodynamics has lead to a remarkably simple formula for the gravitational entropy associated with horizons [1–3]:”
BackgroundAnti de Sitter space and holography
Witten, E. (1998) · Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics · doi:10.4310/atmp.1998.v2.n2.a2 · Cited by 13,070 · see citing works
Ryu, S., & Takayanagi, T. (2006) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.96.181602 · Cited by 4,302 · see citing works
A covariant holographic entanglement entropy proposal
Hubeny, V. E., Rangamani, M., & Takayanagi, T. (2007) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2007/07/062 · Cited by 1,822 · see citing works
A Covariant Holographic Entanglement Entropy Proposal
Hubeny, V. E., Rangamani, M., & Takayanagi, T. (2007) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.0705.0016 · Cited by 1,822
Cool horizons for entangled black holes
Maldacena, J., & Susskind, L. (2013) · Fortschritte der Physik · doi:10.1002/prop.201300020 · Cited by 1,304 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Replica wormholes and the entropy of Hawking radiation
Almheiri, A., Hartman, T., Maldacena, J., Shaghoulian, E., & Tajdini, A. (2020) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep05(2020)013 · Cited by 910 · see citing works
Quantum extremal surfaces: holographic entanglement entropy beyond the classical regime
Engelhardt, N., & Wall, A. C. (2015) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep01(2015)073 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
The entropy of bulk quantum fields and the entanglement wedge of an evaporating black hole
Almheiri, A., Engelhardt, N., Marolf, D., & Maxfield, H. (2019) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep12(2019)063 · Cited by 818 · see citing works
The entropy of Hawking radiation
Almheiri, A., Hartman, T., Maldacena, J., Shaghoulian, E., & Tajdini, A. (2021) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.93.035002 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Reconstruction of Bulk Operators within the Entanglement Wedge in Gauge-Gravity Duality
Dong, X., Harlow, D., & Wall, A. C. (2016) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.117.021601 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Self-citationJerusalem lectures on black holes and quantum information
Harlow, D. (2016) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.88.015002 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Maximin surfaces, and the strong subadditivity of the covariant holographic entanglement entropy
Wall, A. C. (2014) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/31/22/225007 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Causality & holographic entanglement entropy
Headrick, M., Hubeny, V. E., Lawrence, A., & Rangamani, M. (2014) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep12(2014)162 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Deriving covariant holographic entanglement
Dong, X., Lewkowycz, A., & Rangamani, M. (2016) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep11(2016)028 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Self-citationFlat entanglement spectra in fixed-area states of quantum gravity
Dong, X., Harlow, D., & Marolf, D. (2019) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep10(2019)240 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citationEntropy, extremality, euclidean variations, and the equations of motion
Dong, X., & Lewkowycz, A. (2018) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep01(2018)081 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationEntropy, Extremality, Euclidean Variations, and the Equations of Motion
Dong, X., & Lewkowycz, A. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1705.08453 · Cited by 135
Self-citationHolographic Renyi entropy from quantum error correction
Akers, C., & Rath, P. (2019) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep05(2019)052 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Holographic proof of the quantum null energy condition
Koeller, J., & Leichenauer, S. (2016) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.94.024026 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Three-Dimensional Quantum Black Holes: A Primer
Panella, E., Pedraza, J. F., & Svesko, A. (2024) · Universe · doi:10.3390/universe10090358 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
- Authors
- Dong, X.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dong, Xi
- ORCID
- Dong, Xi
- Venue
- Journal of High Energy Physics
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 2014
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 1029-8479 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2011753583
- Cited by
- 344
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 23
- FWCI
- 18.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of High Energy Physics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0756174)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Keywords
- holographic entanglement entropy, higher-derivative gravity, Lovelock gravity, Wald entropy, logarithmic divergence, AdS/CFT correspondence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review