The DOI matches its Crossref record; 78 of the 79 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Endothelium-derived nitric oxide and vascular physiology and pathology
Open accessAbstract
In 1980, Furchgott and Zawadzki demonstrated that the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells in response to acetylcholine is dependent on the anatomical integrity of the endothelium. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor was identified 7 years later as the free radical gas nitric oxide (NO). In endothelium, the amino acid L-arginine is converted to L-citrulline and NO by one of the three NO synthases, the endothelial isoform (eNOS). Shear stress and cell proliferation appear to be, quantitatively, the two major regulatory factors of eNOS gene expression. However, eNOS seems to be mainly regulated by modulation of its activity. Stimulation of specific receptors to various agonists (e.g., bradykinin, serotonin, adenosine, ADP/ATP, histamine, thrombin) increases eNOS enzymatic activity at least in part through an increase in intracellular free Ca2+. However, the mechanical stimulus shear stress appears again to be the major stimulus of eNOS activity, although the precise mechanisms activating the enzyme remain to be elucidated. Phosphorylation and subcellular translocation (from plasmalemmal caveolae to the cytoskeleton or cytosol) are probably involved in these regulations. Although eNOS plays a major vasodilatory role in the control of vasomotion, it has not so far been demonstrated that a defect in endothelial NO production could be responsible for high blood pressure in humans. In contrast, a defect in endothelium-dependent vasodilation is known to be promoted by several risk factors (e.g., smoking, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia) and is also the consequence of atheroma (fatty streak infiltration of the neointima). Several mechanisms probably contribute to this decrease in NO bioavailability. Finally, a defect in NO generation contributes to the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension. Elucidation of the mechanisms of eNOS enzyme activity and NO bioavailability will contribute to our understanding the physiology of vasomotion and the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction, and could provide insights for new therapies, particularly in hypertension and atherosclerosis.
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“However, given the appreciation of the reciprocal relationship between nitrite and NO plus the fact that NO bioavailability is well known to contribute to numerous disease states [136, 137], therapeutic use of inorganic nitrite may be of widespread benefit.”
From Inorganic nitrite therapy: historical perspective and future directions (2011) · cites this paper as [136]
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“However, given the appreciation of the reciprocal relationship between nitrite and NO plus the fact that NO bioavailability is well known to contribute to numerous disease states [136, 137], therapeutic use of inorganic nitrite may be of widespread benefit.”
From Inorganic nitrite therapy: historical perspective and future directions (2011) · cites this paper as [137]
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Creager, M. A., Lüscher, T. F., of, P. W. T. A., Cosentino, F., & Beckman, J. A. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000091257.27563.32 · Cited by 1,675
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The Endothelium and Its Role in Regulating Vascular Tone
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Metadata
- Authors
- Arnal, J.-F., Dinh-Xuan, A.-T., Pueyo, M., Darblade, B., & Rami, J.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- ORCID
- Arnal, J.-F.
- Venue
- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
- Published
- 1999
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1078
- ISSN
- 1420-682X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11146781
- OpenAlex
- W2093217834
- Cited by
- 313
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 6.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
- Keywords
- nitric oxide, endothelium-derived relaxing factor, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, shear stress, endothelial dysfunction, NO bioavailability, endothelium-dependent vasodilation, vasomotion, hypertension, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, L-arginine, intracellular calcium, eNOS phosphorylation, subcellular translocation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arginine, Arteriosclerosis, Blood Vessels, Cell Adhesion, Endothelium, Vascular, Enzyme Induction, Enzyme Inhibitors, Humans, Hypertension, Hypertension, Pulmonary, Isoenzymes, Membrane Proteins, Nitric Oxide, Rabbits, Vascular Diseases, Vasodilation, Signal Transduction, Oxidative Stress, Nitric Oxide Synthase, omega-N-Methylarginine, NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester, Caveolins, Caveolin 1, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
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