Cell-specific production, secretion, and function of apolipoprotein E
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a 34-kDa glycoprotein that is secreted from many cells throughout the body. ApoE is best known for its role in lipoprotein metabolism. Recent studies underline the association of circulating lipoprotein-associated apoE levels and the development for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Besides its well-established role in pathology of CVD, it is also implicated in neurodegenerative diseases and recent new data on adipose-produced apoE point to a novel metabolic role for apoE in obesity. The regulation of apoE production and secretion is remarkably cell and tissue specific. Here, we summarize recent insights into the differential regulation apoE production and secretion by hepatocytes, monocytes/macrophages, adipocytes, and the central nervous system and relevant variations in apoE biochemistry and function.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
APOE binds lipoprotein complexes and facilitates their uptake through LDLRs or LRP1, providing lipids and cholesterol to the cell.
“Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is part of a family of lipoprotein chaperones, binding lipoprotein complexes and facilitating their uptake through low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs), or lipoprotein receptor 1 (LRP1), providing lipids and cholesterol to the cell (Kockx et al., 2018).”
From APOE2, E3, and E4 differentially modulate cellular homeostasis, cholesterol metabolism, and inflammatory response in isogenic iPSC-derived astrocytes (2022) · cites this paper as Kockx et al., 2018
Cites
A Unique Microglia Type Associated with Restricting Development of Alzheimer’s Disease
Keren-Shaul, H., Spinrad, A., Weiner, A., Matcovitch-Natan, O., Dvir-Szternfeld, R., Ulland, T. K., David, E., Baruch, K., Lara-Astaiso, D., Toth, B., et al. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.018 · Cited by 5,493 · see citing works
Calcineurin is a common target of cyclophilin-cyclosporin A and FKBP-FK506 complexes
Liu, J., Farmer, J. D., Lane, W. S., Friedman, J., Weissman, I., & Schreiber, S. L. (1991) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90124-h · Cited by 4,116 · see citing works
ApoE Promotes the Proteolytic Degradation of Aβ
Jiang, Q., Lee, C. Y. D., Mandrekar, S., Wilkinson, B., Cramer, P., Zelcer, N., Mann, K., Lamb, B., Willson, T. M., Collins, J. L., et al. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.04.010 · Cited by 876 · see citing works
Astrocytes synthesize apolipoprotein E and metabolize apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins
Pitas, R. E., Boyles, J. K., Lee, S. H., Foss, D., & Mahley, R. W. (1987) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0005-2760(87)90295-5 · Cited by 693 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein-mediated pathways of lipid antigen presentation
Elzen, P. V. D., Garg, S., León, L., Brigl, M., Leadbetter, E. A., Gumperz, J. E., Dascher, C. C., Cheng, T.-Y., Sacks, F. M., Illarionov, P. A., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04001 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A Quarter Century of APOE and Alzheimer’s Disease: Progress to Date and the Path Forward
Belloy, M. E., Napolioni, V., & Greicius, M. D. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.056 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
de Leeuw, S. M., Kirschner, A. W. T., Lindner, K., Rust, R., Budny, V., Wolski, W. E., Gavin, A.-C., Nitsch, R. M., & Tackenberg, C. (2022) · Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.11.007 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Genetics of human longevity within an eco-evolutionary nature-nurture framework
Giuliani, C., Garagnani, P., & Franceschi, C. (2018) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.118.312562 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Aslam, M. M., Fan, K.-H., Lawrence, E., Bedison, M. A., Snitz, B. E., DeKosky, S. T., Lopez, O. L., Feingold, E., & Kamboh, M. I. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02170-4 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
ApoE expression across the CNS: Who, What, Where, When, and How (much)?
Nolt, G. L., Lucido, C. C., Smith, L. M., & Johnson, L. A. (2026) · Molecular Neurodegeneration Advances · doi:10.1186/s44477-026-00028-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kockx, M., Traini, M., & Kritharides, L.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Kritharides, Leonard
- Venue
- Journal of Molecular Medicine
- Published
- 2018-03-07
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 361-371
- ISSN
- 0946-2716 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-1440
- OpenAlex
- W2792012470
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 2.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Molecular Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Health and Medical Research Council (482820)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Keywords
- apolipoprotein E, cell-specific regulation, apoE secretion, lipoprotein metabolism, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, obesity, adipose tissue, hepatocytes, macrophages, adipocytes, central nervous system, APOE isoforms
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Apolipoproteins E, Brain, Cholesterol, Glycosylation, Humans, Macrophages, Monocytes, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Adipocytes, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
