Astrocytes synthesize apolipoprotein E and metabolize apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that astrocytes synthesize and secrete apolipoprotein E in situ. In the present work, primary cultures of rat brain astrocytes were used to study apolipoprotein E synthesis, secretion, and metabolism in vitro. The astrocytes in culture contained immunoreactive apolipoprotein E in the area of the Golgi apparatus. Incubation of the astrocytes with [35S]methionine resulted in the secretion of labeled immunoprecipitable apolipoprotein E, which constituted 1-3% of the total secreted proteins. The apolipoprotein E secreted in culture and the apolipoprotein E in rat brain extracts differed from serum apolipoprotein E in two respects: both had a slightly higher apparent molecular weight (approx. 36,000) and more acidic isoforms than serum apolipoprotein E. Sialylation of the newly secreted apolipoprotein accounted for the difference in both the apparent molecular weight and isoelectric focusing pattern of newly secreted apolipoprotein E and plasma apolipoprotein E. The astrocytes possessed apolipoprotein B,E(LDL) receptors capable of binding and internalizing apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins. The uptake of lipoproteins by the cells led to a reduction in the number of cell surface receptors and to the intracellular accumulation of cholesteryl esters. Since apolipoprotein E is present within the brain, and since brain cells can express apolipoprotein B,E(LDL) receptors, apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins may function to redistribute lipid and regulate cholesterol homeostasis within the brain.
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In the brain and neuronal cultures, ApoE is synthesized in astrocytes.
“In the brain and neuronal cultures, ApoE is synthesized in astrocytes.14,15”
From Lipid Nanoparticle Delivery of siRNA to Silence Neuronal Gene Expression in the Brain (2013) · cites this paper as [14]
Astrocytes are the primary source of apoE in the brain.
“Astrocytes are the primary source of apoE in the brain [23, 24].”
From Apolipoprotein E4, inhibitory network dysfunction, and Alzheimer’s disease (2019) · cites this paper as [24]
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- Authors
- Pitas, R. E., Boyles, J. K., Lee, S. H., Foss, D., & Mahley, R. W.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pitas, Robert E.
- ORCID
- Mahley, Robert W.
- Venue
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1987-01
- Volume
- 917
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 148-161
- ISSN
- 0005-2760 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2067064610
- Cited by
- 693
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 10.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Keywords
- astrocytes, apolipoprotein E, sialylation, Golgi apparatus, cholesterol esters, cholesterol homeostasis, brain lipids
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Apolipoproteins E, Astrocytes, Brain, Cells, Cultured, Female, Fetus, Fibroblasts, Humans, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Kinetics, Macrophages, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Molecular Weight, Pregnancy, Rats, Inbred Strains, Mice, Rats
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