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Cited by 80Renin-Angiotensin System StudiesEicosanoids and Hypertension PharmacologyCoagulation, Bradykinin, Polyphosphates, and Angioedema

Regulation of renin: new evidence from cultured cells and genetically modified mice

Bader, Michael, Ganten, Detlev·2000·Journal of Molecular Medicine
DOI 10.1007/s001090000089
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Abstract

Renin, as the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of the potent vasoactive peptide angiotensin II, has been studied for more than 100 years. Transgenic and knockout mice for renin and other proteins involved in renin regulation and function have recently revealed new evidence that can improve our understanding of its biological relevance. Furthermore, transgenic mice have been the source of the novel cell line As4.1. This cell line has been effective in the analysis of renin secretion and regulation because of its similarity with renin-producing juxtaglomerular (JG) cells. Renin secretion and synthesis by the JG cells of the kidney is upregulated by cAMP and downregulated by intracellular calcium. The effect of cGMP, once elevated by nitric oxide, depends on the present level of cAMP in the cells, which can be stimulatory in the presence of and inhibitory in the absence of the other cyclic nucleotides. All known effectors of renin regulation affect one of these molecules. Adenosine and ATP, released by macula densa cells in response to high salt load in the distal tubule and stretch of the JG cell by renal perfusion pressure, increase calcium. Furthermore, noradrenaline, derived from sympathetic nerve endings, and prostaglandins, generated by macula densa cells under low-salt conditions, increase cAMP. In addition to its stimulatory effect on secretion, cAMP also effectively augments renin mRNA levels by acting at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Several DNA elements in the distal and proximal promoter regions as well as in intron I have been implicated in cAMP regulation and in tissue specificity of renin gene expression. A second intracellular renin isoform, coded by the same gene but applying a different promoter located in intron I, has recently been detected. Transgenic technology will help to clarify the function of this isoform as well as some of the other unresolved aspects of renin regulation and function and may become the motor of the second century in renin research.

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  • The key elements of the water retention system are the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) that activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis with ACTH, aldosterone, and cortisol.

    “The key elements of this system are the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) that activates the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone pathway [34], and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis with ACTH, aldosterone, and cortisol.”

    From Evolutionary medicine and chronic inflammatory state—known and new concepts in pathophysiology (2012) · cites this paper as [34]

  • To overcome systemic water loss during acute inflammatory episodes and events such as trauma, hemorrhage, and burns, a water retention system is activated.

    “To overcome systemic water loss during acute inflammatory episodes and events such as trauma, hemorrhage, and burns, a water retention system is activated.”

    From Evolutionary medicine and chronic inflammatory state—known and new concepts in pathophysiology (2012) · cites this paper as [34]

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Authors
Bader, M., & Ganten, D.
Affiliations
Max Delbrück Center (DE)
Venue
Journal of Molecular Medicine
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2000-03-31
Volume
78
Issue
3
Pages
130-139
ISSN
  • 0946-2716 (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-1440
DOI
10.1007/s001090000089
OpenAlex
W2137291142
Cited by
80
References
143
Citations by year
2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 5
FWCI
4.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Molecular Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Coagulation, Bradykinin, Polyphosphates, and Angioedema
Keywords
renin regulation, renin secretion, juxtaglomerular cells, angiotensin II, cAMP signaling, intracellular calcium, cyclic GMP, nitric oxide, adenosine, ATP, macula densa, norepinephrine, prostaglandins, renin gene expression, renin mRNA, transgenic mice, knockout mice
MeSH terms
Cyclic AMP, Animals, Cell Line, Cells, Cultured, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Kidney, Mice, Transgenic, Models, Biological, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Renin, RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional, Sodium Chloride, Sympathetic Nervous System, Transcription, Genetic, Mice, Knockout, Protein Isoforms, Gene Silencing, Mice

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