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Leisure time physical activity and the risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women from the general population: The MONICA/KORA Augsburg Cohort Study
Open accessAbstract
Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to examine sex-specific associations between leisure time physical activity and incident type 2 diabetes in a representative population sample in Germany.Methods The study was based on 4,069 men and 4,034 women (aged 25 to 74 years) who participated in one of the three MONICA Augsburg surveys between 1984 and 1995. Subjects were free of diabetes at baseline. Incident cases of type 2 diabetes were assessed in 1998 using a follow-up questionnaire. Sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from Cox proportional hazard models.Results A total of 145 cases of incident type 2 diabetes among men and 82 among women were registered during the mean follow-up period of 7.4 years. In both sexes, a high leisure time physical activity level was associated with a reduced risk of incident type 2 diabetes. After adjustment for confounding factors, the HR in highly active men (more than 2 h physical activity per week in summer and winter) was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.50-1.36). In contrast, highly active women had the lowest risk of type 2 diabetes even after multivariable adjustment (HR 0.24; 95% CI: 0.06-0.98). In subgroup analyses, after multivariable adjustment, the protective effect of moderate to high physical activity was significant in women with a BMI below 30 kg/m(2) (HR 0.24; 95% CI: 0.09-0.65) but not in women with a BMI of 30 kg/m(2) or higher (HR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.44-2.11).Conclusions/interpretation Leisure time physical activity is effective in preventing type 2 diabetes, especially in nonobese women, in the general population.
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In the citing paper
“Short sleep duration is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and an increased risk of diabetes.”
From Sleep Restriction for 1 Week Reduces Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Men (2010) · cites this paper as [10]
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In the citing paper
“Insufficient sleep duration (quantity) has been associated with an increased risk of obesity (3–6,51), type 2 diabetes (7–11), hypertension (12), cardiovascular disease (13,14), metabolic syndrome (a combination of cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction) (15), and early mortality (14,16,17,19–21,52).”
From Sleep Restriction for 1 Week Reduces Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Men (2010) · cites this paper as [10]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“additional epidemiological studies showing that also individuals with deficient or disrupted sleep exhibit an increased risk for type 2 diabetes [141–143].”
From Circadian control of glucose metabolism (2014) · cites this paper as [141]
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“Furthermore, impaired sleep quality, such as difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, has been associated with increased odds of developing diabetes in multiple studies [188–193].”
From Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities (2016) · cites this paper as [190]
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PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS OF THE STUDENTS ON SECONDARY SCHOOL OF GRAPHIC ARTS IN ZAGREB
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Li, Q. (2011) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)
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Hu, G., Lakka, T. A., & Tuomilehto, J. O. (2008) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183009.003.0011
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de Moura, B. P. (2011) · Americanae (AECID Library)
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Löf, E. (2010) · DiVA (University of Gävle)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Meisinger, C., L�wel, H., Thorand, B., & D�ring, A.
- Affiliations
- Helmholtz Munich (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Meisinger, C.
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2004-12-23
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 27-34
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- OpenAlex
- W1515035475
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 4.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Site cant be reached (submittedVersion)
- OPUS (Augsburg University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Centre
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- leisure-time physical activity, type 2 diabetes, diabetes prevention, sex differences, body mass index, non-obese women, incident diabetes risk
- MeSH terms
- Alcohol Drinking, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Germany, Humans, Leisure Activities, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk Factors, Sex Characteristics, Smoking, Socioeconomic Factors, Cohort Studies, Incidence
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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