The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Long-term efficacy and tolerability of add-on pioglitazone therapy to failing monotherapy compared with addition of gliclazide or metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Aims/hypothesis The aim of this analysis was to examine the long-term effects of pioglitazone or gliclazide addition to failing metformin monotherapy and pioglitazone or metformin addition to failing sulphonylurea monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods Two 2-year, randomised, multicentre trials were performed in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 7.5-11% inclusive), who were receiving either metformin or a sulphonylurea at > or = 50% of the maximum recommended dose or at the maximum tolerated dose. In the first study, patients on metformin received add-on therapy with pioglitazone (15-45 mg/day, n = 317) or gliclazide (80-320 mg/day, n = 313). In the second study, patients on sulphonylurea therapy were randomised to receive add-on therapy with either pioglitazone (15-45 mg/day, n = 319) or metformin (850-2,550 mg/day, n = 320). HbA(1)c, fasting plasma glucose, insulin and lipids were investigated.Results At week 104, the mean reduction from baseline in HbA(1)c was 0.89% for pioglitazone and 0.77% for gliclazide addition to metformin (p = 0.200). There was a statistically significant between-group difference for the change in mean fasting plasma glucose at week 104 (-1.8 mmol/l for pioglitazone vs -1.1 mmol/l for gliclazide, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in changes from baseline in glycaemic parameters for pioglitazone compared with metformin addition to sulphonylurea therapy. Whether added to metformin or sulphonylurea, pioglitazone caused significantly greater decreases in triglycerides and significantly greater increases in HDL cholesterol than the comparator regimens (p < or = 0.001). There were decreases in LDL cholesterol in the comparator groups and these were significantly different from the small changes observed with pioglitazone (p < 0.001). All treatment regimens were well tolerated. There were weight increases of 2.5 kg and 3.7 kg in the pioglitazone and 1.2 kg in the gliclazide add-on groups, and there was a mean decrease of 1.7 kg in the metformin add-on group.Conclusions/interpretation As add-on therapy to existing sulphonylurea or metformin therapy, pioglitazone improved glycaemic control and this improvement was sustained over 2 years. Furthermore, there were potential benefits in terms of improvements in specific lipid abnormalities. This could offer an advantage over the addition of other oral agents in the long-term treatment of diabetes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The combination of metformin and sulfonylurea (SU) is one of the most commonly used and can attain a greater reduction in HbA1c (0.8–1.5%) than either drug alone [23,24].”
From Metformin: An Old But Still the Best Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes (2013) · cites this paper as [23]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Stratton, I. M. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7258.405 · Cited by 9,059
Ohkubo, Y., Kishikawa, H., Araki, E., Miyata, T., Isami, S., Motoyoshi, S., Kojima, Y., Furuyoshi, N., & Shichiri, M. (1995) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/0168-8227(95)01064-k · Cited by 3,079
U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study Group (1995) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.44.11.1249 · Cited by 1,923
Low-Density Lipoprotein Subclass Patterns and Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Austin, M. A. (1988) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1988.03410130125037 · Cited by 1,780
Dobiášová, M., & Frohlich, J. J. (2001) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0009-9120(01)00263-6 · Cited by 1,439
Efficacy of Metformin in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
DeFronzo, R. A., & Goodman, A. M. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199508313330902 · Cited by 1,368
Gardner, C. D. (1996) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540110029028 · Cited by 843 · cited 2×
“Compositional alterations in LDL particles can be potentially atherogenic [31–34].”
Aronoff, S., Rosenblatt, S., Braithwaite, S. S., Egan, J. W., Mathisen, A. L., & Schneider, R. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.11.1605 · Cited by 626
Cited by
Sorted by citations
DeFronzo, R. A. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db09-9028 · Cited by 3,016
Metformin: An Old But Still the Best Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes
Rojas, L. B. A., & Gomes, M. B. (2013) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/1758-5996-5-6 · Cited by 567
Bosi, E., Camisasca, R., Collober, C., Rochotte, E., & Garber, A. J. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-1732 · Cited by 447
Pharmacology and therapeutic implications of current drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Tahrani, A. A., Barnett, A. H., & Bailey, C. J. (2016) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.86 · Cited by 398
Erdmann, E., Dormandy, J., Charbonnel, B. H., Massi‐Benedetti, M., Moules, I. K., & Skene, A. M. (2007) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.12.048 · Cited by 377
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Charbonnel, B., Schernthaner, G., Brunetti, P., Matthews, D. R., Urquhart, R., Tan, M. H., & Hanefeld, M.
- Affiliations
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes (FR)
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung der Stadt Wien (AT)
- University of Perugia (IT)
- Churchill Hospital (GB)
- Takeda (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Charbonnel, B.
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2005-05-12
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1093-1104
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- OpenAlex
- W2163498104
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 11.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- gliclazide, metformin, type 2 diabetes, adjunctive therapy, metformin monotherapy, glycemic control, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, insulin, tolerability, adverse events, drug interactions, long-term efficacy
- MeSH terms
- Pioglitazone, Adult, Aged, C-Peptide, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Gliclazide, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Lipids, Male, Metformin, Middle Aged, Safety, Reproducibility of Results, Treatment Outcome, Treatment Failure, Thiazolidinediones
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
