The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of metformin and thiazolidinediones on suppression of hepatic glucose production and stimulation of glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review
Open accessAbstract
Aims/hypothesis Insulin resistance, which manifests itself as endogenous glucose overproduction and reduced insulin-mediated glucose uptake, is a core defect in type 2 diabetes. Metformin and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists, the thiazolidinediones (TZDs), both lower glucose, although their mechanism of action is still subject to debate. This review analyses the evidence relevant to these mechanisms in vivo.Materials and methods A systematic search of MEDLINE identified a total of 42 clinical studies that investigated the effects of TZDs (n=23) and/or metformin (n=19) on endogenous glucose production (using tracer glucose techniques) and peripheral glucose disposal (using the euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp) in patients with type 2 diabetes (n=549). The original variables assessed were converted into standardised units and their mean group values were listed separately for open and placebo-controlled studies. Statistical analysis was scarried out, treating mean group values as individual values and comparing results (both as absolute values and percentage changes from baseline) across study categories (open vs placebo-controlled, TZDs vs metformin).Results Both TZDs and metformin enhance insulin suppression of endogenous glucose production and fasting plasma glucose clearance. TZDs, but not metformin, also improve insulin-mediated glucose uptake at all insulin levels.Conclusions/interpretation In patients with type 2 diabetes, metformin improves fasting hepatic insulin sensitivity and glucose clearance; TZDs improve fasting hepatic insulin sensitivity and glucose clearance, and potentiate glucose disposal under insulinised conditions.
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“an increased insulin suppression of endogenous glucose production by the liver(44, 45)”
From Metformin, the Aspirin of the 21st Century: Its Role in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Prevention of Preeclampsia and Cancer, and the Promotion of Longevity (2017) · cites this paper as [44]
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“reduction of glucose absorbtion by the gastro-intestinal tract(44, 45)”
From Metformin, the Aspirin of the 21st Century: Its Role in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Prevention of Preeclampsia and Cancer, and the Promotion of Longevity (2017) · cites this paper as [44]
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“a decreased in hepatic glucose production by suppression of gluconeogenesis(44, 45)”
From Metformin, the Aspirin of the 21st Century: Its Role in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Prevention of Preeclampsia and Cancer, and the Promotion of Longevity (2017) · cites this paper as [44]
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Cites
Improvement in Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Resistance in Obese Subjects Treated with Troglitazone
Nolan, J. J., Ludvik, B. H., Beerdsen, P., Joyce, M., & Olefsky, J. M. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199411033311803 · Cited by 914
Ferrannini, E., Natali, A., Bell, P., Cavallo-Perin, P., Lalic, N., & Mingrone, G. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119628 · Cited by 898 · cited 1×
“concentrations (European Group for the study of Insulin Resistance [EGIR] database [18]).”
BackgroundSelf-citationEfficacy and Metabolic Effects of Metformin and Troglitazone in Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Inzucchi, S. E., Maggs, D. G., Spollett, G. R., Page, S. L., Rife, F. S., Walton, V., & Shulman, G. I. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199803263381303 · Cited by 794
International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus
(2003) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0470862092 · Cited by 744
Treatment of insulin resistance with peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ agonists
Olefsky, J. M. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci10843 · Cited by 536
The Effect of Insulin Treatment on Insulin Secretion and Insulin Action in Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Garvey, W. T., Olefsky, J. M., Griffin, J., Hamman, R. F., & Kolterman, O. G. (1985) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.34.3.222 · Cited by 488
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Mechanisms of Early Insulin-Sensitizing Effects of Thiazolidinediones in Type 2 Diabetes
Tonelli, J., Li, W., Kishore, P., Pajvani, U. B., Kwon, E., Weaver, C. L., Scherer, P. E., & Hawkins, M. A. (2004) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.6.1621 · Cited by 247
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Cited by
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DeFronzo, R. A. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db09-9028 · Cited by 3,016
The mechanisms of action of metformin
Rena, G., Hardie, D. G., & Pearson, E. R. (2017) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4342-z · Cited by 2,287
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of metformin: an overview
Viollet, B., Guigas, B., Garcia, N. S., Leclerc, J., Foretz, M., & Andreelli, F. (2012) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20110386 · Cited by 1,720
Metformin: from mechanisms of action to therapies
Foretz, M., Guigas, B., Bertrand, L., Pollak, M., & Viollet, B. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.09.018 · Cited by 1,501
Thomas, N., Senthil, K., & Kapoor, N. (2016) · Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. eBooks · doi:10.5005/jp/books/12651_7 · Cited by 943
Metadata
- Authors
- Natali, A., & Ferrannini, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Pisa (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Ferrannini, E.
- ORCID
- Natali, A.
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2006-02-14
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 434-441
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- OpenAlex
- W2123472586
- Cited by
- 377
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 2.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- metformin, thiazolidinediones, type 2 diabetes, hepatic glucose production, insulin resistance, glucose uptake, insulin sensitivity, glucose clearance, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists, insulin-stimulated glucose disposal
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Drug Therapy, Combination, Glucose, Humans, Liver, Metformin, Thiazolidinediones
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