The DOI matches its Crossref record; 93 of the 95 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Novel biochemical risk factors for type 2 diabetes: pathogenic insights or prediction possibilities?
Open accessAbstract
This review critically appraises studies examining the association of novel factors with diabetes. We show that many of the most studied novel and apparently 'independent' risk factors are correlated with each other by virtue of their common origins or pathways, and that residual confounding is likely. Available studies also have other limitations, including differences in methodology or inadequate statistical analyses. Furthermore, although most relevant work in this area has focused on improving our understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetes, association studies in isolation cannot prove causality; intervention studies with specific agents (if available) are required, and genetic studies may help. With respect to the potential value of novel risk factors for diabetes risk prediction, we illustrate why this work is very much in its infancy and currently not guaranteed to reach clinical utility. Indeed, the existence of several more easily measured powerful predictors of diabetes, suggests that the additional value of novel markers may be limited. Nevertheless, several suggestions to improve relevant research are given. Finally, we show that several risk factors for diabetes are only weakly associated with the risk of incident vascular events, an observation that highlights the limitations of attempting to devise unified criteria (e.g. metabolic syndrome) to identify individuals at risk of both CHD and diabetes.
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“insulin resistance and ectopic and total fat (HOMA-IR). 2,29-31”
From Comprehensive Long-Term Changes in Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers With Tirzepatide (2026) · cites this paper as [31]
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“liver adiposity in addi tion to alcohol intake signals (GGT)”
From Comprehensive Long-Term Changes in Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers With Tirzepatide (2026) · cites this paper as [31]
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“consistent with their roles as biomarkers reflecting total obesity or percent fat mass (leptin)”
From Comprehensive Long-Term Changes in Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers With Tirzepatide (2026) · cites this paper as [31]
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Cites
Inflammation and metabolic disorders
Hotamisligil, G. S. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05485 · Cited by 9,199
Inflammation and insulin resistance
Shoelson, S. E. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci29069 · Cited by 4,769
C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin 6, and Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Pradhan, A. D. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.3.327 · Cited by 4,433
Danesh, J., Wheeler, J. G., Hirschfield, G. M., Eda, S., Eiriksdottir, G., Rumley, A., Lowe, G. D. O., Pepys, M. B., & Gudnason, V. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa032804 · Cited by 2,953
Systematic review and meta-analysis
Gillies, A. (2019) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315377315-19 · Cited by 2,876
The Role of Vitamin D and Calcium in Type 2 Diabetes. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Pittas, A. G., Lau, J., Hu, F. B., & Dawson-Hughes, B. F. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0298 · Cited by 2,048
Lindström, J., & Tuomilehto, J. O. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.3.725 · Cited by 1,937
Interleukin-1-receptor antagonist in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Larsen, C. M., Faulenbach, M., Vaag, A., Vølund, A., Ehses, J. A., Seifert, B., Mandrup-Poulsen, T., & Donath, M. Y. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa065213 · Cited by 1,798
Plasma Adiponectin Levels and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Men
Pischon, T. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.291.14.1730 · Cited by 1,782
Inflammation, obesity, stress and coronary heart disease: is interleukin-6 the link?
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Statins and risk of incident diabetes: A collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials
Sattar, N., Preiss, D., Murray, H. M., Welsh, P., Buckley, B. M., de Craen, A. J., Seshasai, S. R. K., McMurray, J. J., Freeman, D. J., Jukema, J. W., et al. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61965-6 · Cited by 2,436
Self-citationDiabetes and vascular disease: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and medical therapy: part I
Paneni, F., Beckman, J. A., Creager, M. A., & Cosentino, F. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht149 · Cited by 1,455
Adiponectin Levels and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Li, S., Shin, H. J., Ding, E. L., & van Dam, R. M. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.976 · Cited by 991
A Clinical Update on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Sweeting, A., Wong, J., Murphy, H. R., & Ross, G. P. (2022) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnac003 · Cited by 928
Diabetes Mellitus and Inflammation
Lontchi‐Yimagou, E., Sobngwi, E., Matsha, T. E., & Kengne, A. P. (2013) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-013-0375-y · Cited by 832
Metadata
- Authors
- Sattar, N., Wannamethee, S. G., & Forouhi, N. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- The Royal Free Hospital (GB)
- Addenbrooke's Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Sattar, N.
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2008-04-08
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 926-940
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- OpenAlex
- W2098783546
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 2.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- British Heart Foundation
- Diabetes UK
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, novel risk factors, diabetes pathogenesis, residual confounding, causality, genetic research, diabetes risk prediction, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk, coronary artery disease, vascular events
- MeSH terms
- Alanine Transaminase, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Endothelium, Vascular, gamma-Glutamyltransferase, Humans, Inflammation, Predictive Value of Tests, Risk, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Adiponectin
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