Role of atypical protein kinase C in activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) in liver of rodents used as a model of diabetes, and relationships to hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance
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Aims/hypothesis Previous findings in rodents used as a model of diabetes suggest that insulin activation of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) is impaired in muscle, but, unexpectedly, conserved in liver, despite impaired hepatic protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) activation. Moreover, aPKC at least partly regulates two major transactivators: (1) hepatic sterol receptor binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), which controls lipid synthesis; and (2) nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB), which promotes inflammation and systemic insulin resistance.Methods In Goto-Kakizaki rats used as a model of type 2 diabetes, we examined: (1) whether differences in hepatic aPKC and PKB activation reflect differences in activation of IRS-1- and IRS-2-dependent phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K); (2) whether hepatic SREBP-1c and NFkappaB are excessively activated by aPKC; and (3) metabolic consequences of excessive activation of hepatic aPKC, SREBP-1c and NFkappaB.Results In liver, as well as in muscle, IRS-2/PI3K activation by insulin was intact, whereas IRS-1/PI3K activation by insulin was impaired. Moreover, hepatic IRS-2 is known to control hepatic aPKC during insulin activation. Against this background, selective inhibition of hepatic aPKC by adenoviral-mediated expression of mRNA encoding kinase-inactive aPKC or short hairpin RNA targeting Irs2 mRNA and partially depleting hepatic IRS-2 diminished hepatic SREBP-1c production and NFkappaB activities, concomitantly improving serum lipids and insulin signalling in muscle and liver. Similar improvements in SREBP-1c, NFkappaB and insulin signalling were seen in ob/ob mice following inhibition of hepatic aPKC.Conclusions/interpretation In diabetic rodent liver, diminished PKB activation may largely reflect impaired IRS-1/PI3K activation, while conserved aPKC activation reflects retained IRS-2/PI3K activity. Hepatic aPKC may also contribute importantly to excessive SREPB-1c and NFkappaB activities. Excessive hepatic aPKC-dependent activation of SREBP-1c and NFkappaB may contribute importantly to hyperlipidaemia and systemic insulin resistance.
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Insulin signaling can increase hepatic lipogenesis via atypical PKCs, which involve SREBP1c and other pathways not related to AKT.
“In addition, insulin signaling can increase hepatic lipogenesis via atypical PKCs, which involve SREBP1c and other pathways not related to AKT [43].”
From Hepatic Insulin Resistance and Steatosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: New Insights into Mechanisms and Clinical Implications (2025) · cites this paper as [43]
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- Authors
- Sajan, M. P., Standaert, M. L., Rivas, J., Miura, A., Kanoh, Y., Soto, J., Taniguchi, C. M., Kahn, C. R., & Farese, R. V.
- Affiliations
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Farese, R. V.
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2009-04-09
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1197-1207
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- PMC
- PMC4766834
- OpenAlex
- W2147359359
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- National Institutes of Health (38079)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 30136, R01DK038079, R01DK031036, DK 38079, R01DK065969)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Keywords
- SREBP-1c, NF-κB, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate 2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, hepatic lipid synthesis, liver inflammation, Goto-Kakizaki rats, ob/ob mice
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Blood Glucose, Cholesterol, Diabetes Mellitus, Disease Models, Animal, Hyperlipidemias, Insulin Resistance, Liver, Male, Muscles, Protein Kinase C, Triglycerides, Blotting, Western, NF-kappa B, Rats, Wistar, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, Rats, Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1, Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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