Are substrate use during exercise and mitochondrial respiratory capacity decreased in arm and leg muscle in type 2 diabetes?
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Aim/hypothesis The aim of the study was to investigate mitochondrial function, fibre type distribution and substrate oxidation in arm and leg muscle during exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes and in obese and lean controls. Methods Indirect calorimetry was used to calculate fat and carbohydrate oxidation during both progressive arm-cranking and leg-cycling exercises. Muscle biopsies from arm and leg were obtained. Fibre type, as well as O(2) flux capacity of saponin-permeabilised muscle fibres were measured, the latter by high resolution respirometry, in patients with type 2 diabetes, age- and BMI-matched obese controls, and age-matched lean controls. Results Fat oxidation was similar in the groups during either arm or leg exercise. During leg exercise at higher intensities, but not during arm exercise, carbohydrate oxidation was lower in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with the other groups. In patients with type 2 diabetes, ADP-stimulated state 3 respiration per mg muscle with parallel electron input from complex I+II was lower in m. vastus lateralis compared with obese and lean controls, whereas no differences between groups were present in m. deltoideus. A higher percentage of type IIX fibres was seen in m. vastus lateralis in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with obese and lean controls, whereas no difference was found in the deltoid muscle. Conclusions/interpretation This study demonstrates similar O(2) flux capacity, fibre type distribution and carbohydrate oxidation in arm muscle in the groups despite the presence of attenuated values in leg muscle in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with obese and lean controls.
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An increasing body of work points to a dissociation between insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial oxidative capacity.
“However, growing evidence suggests a disassociation between insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial oxidative capacity (6–14).”
From Defects in mitochondrial efficiency and H2O2 emissions in obese women are restored to a lean phenotype with aerobic exercise training (2015) · cites this paper as [8]
Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, despite having a 30% lower mitochondrial content, have higher mitochondrial oxidation rates and do not have an intrinsic problem to increase their whole-body fat oxidation rate during exercise.
“Finally, T2DM patients, despite having a 30% lower mitochondrial content, have higher mitochondrial oxidation rates and do not have an intrinsic problem to increase their whole-body fat oxidation rate during exercise (Larsen et al, 2009; Holloszy, 2013).”
From Mitochondrial response to nutrient availability and its role in metabolic disease (2014) · cites this paper as Larsen et al, 2009
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References 45 · Cited by 90
- Authors
- Larsen, S., Ara, I., Rabøl, R., Andersen, J. L., Boushel, R., Dela, F., & Helge, J. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Bispebjerg Hospital (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Helge, J. W.
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2009-04-25
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1400-1408
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- OpenAlex
- W1982699410
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 20.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Novo Nordisk
- Nordea-fonden
- Novo Nordisk Fonden
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, substrate oxidation, mitochondrial respiration, fiber type distribution, carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, arm muscles, lower limb muscles, vastus lateralis, deltoid muscle, obesity, physical activity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Arm, Biopsy, Calorimetry, Indirect, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Exercise Test, Humans, Leg, Male, Middle Aged, Mitochondria, Obesity, Oxygen Consumption, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Muscle, Skeletal, Cell Respiration
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