The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Long-term effects of a randomised trial of a 6-year lifestyle intervention in impaired glucose tolerance on diabetes-related microvascular complications: the China Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Outcome Study
Open accessAbstract
Aims/hypothesis We determined the effects of 6 years of lifestyle intervention in persons with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) on the development of retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy over a 20 year period.Methods In 1986, 577 adults with IGT from 33 clinics in Da Qing, China were randomly assigned by clinic to a control group or one of three lifestyle intervention groups (diet, exercise, and diet plus exercise). Active intervention was carried out from 1986 to 1992. In 2006 we conducted a 20 year follow-up study of the original participants to compare the incidence of microvascular complications in the combined intervention group vs the control group.Results Follow-up information was obtained on 542 (94%) of the 577 original participants. The cumulative incidence of severe retinopathy was 9.2% in the combined intervention group and 16.2% in the control group (p = 0.03, log-rank test). After adjusting for clinic and age, the incidence of severe retinopathy was 47% lower in the intervention group than the control group (hazard rate ratio 0.53, 95% CI 0.29-0.99, p = 0.048). No significant differences were found in the incidence of severe nephropathy (hazard rate ratio 1.05, 95% CI 0.16-7.05, intervention vs control, p = 0.96) or in the prevalence of neuropathy (8.6% vs 9.1%, p = 0.89) among the 20 year survivors.Conclusions/interpretation Lifestyle intervention for 6 years in IGT was associated with a 47% reduction in the incidence of severe, vision-threatening retinopathy over a 20 year interval, primarily due to the reduced incidence of diabetes in the intervention group. However, similar benefits were not seen for nephropathy or neuropathy.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“while the rates of other microvascular complications, such as nephropathy and neuropathy, were similar as in controls.119”
From Prediabetes: a high-risk state for diabetes development (2012) · cites this paper as [119]
In the citing paper
“In the 20-year follow-up of the DaQing Diabetes Prevention Study, for example, those receiving a lifestyle intervention had a 43% reduced risk of diabetes, translating to a mean 3.6 year delay in the development of diabetes.119”
From Prediabetes: a high-risk state for diabetes development (2012) · cites this paper as [119]
In the citing paper
“In the 20-year follow-up of the DaQing Study, the lifestyle intervention was also associated with an almost 50% reduction in the relative risk of incident severe retinopathy”
From Prediabetes: a high-risk state for diabetes development (2012) · cites this paper as [119]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
(2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012512 · Cited by 19,011
Tuomilehto, J., Lindström, J., Eriksson, J. G., Valle, T. T., Hämäläinen, H., Ilanne-Parikka, P., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Laakso, M., Louheranta, A., Rastas, M., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200105033441801 · Cited by 10,873 · cited 1×
“Several studies have shown that lifestyle or pharmacological interventions can reduce diabetes incidence in people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) [1–7].”
BackgroundPan, X.-R., Li, G.-W., Hu, Y.-H., Wang, J.-X., Yang, W.-Y., An, Z.-X., Hu, Z.-X., Juan-Lin, Xiao, J.-Z., Cao, H.-B., et al. (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.4.537 · Cited by 4,320
Self-citationDiabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61457-4 · Cited by 3,020
* (1991) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(13)38012-9 · Cited by 2,086
The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy
Klein, R. (1984) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1984.01040030398010 · Cited by 1,909
Ramachandran, A., Snehalatha, C., Mary, S., Mukesh, B., Bhaskar, A. D., Vijay, V., & Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme (IDPP) (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-005-0097-z · Cited by 1,881
Li, G., Zhang, P., Wang, J., Gregg, E. W., Yang, W., Gong, Q., Li, H., Li, H., Jiang, Y., An, Y., et al. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60766-7 · Cited by 1,600
Self-citationThe Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy
Klein, R. (1984) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1984.01040030405011 · Cited by 1,482
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Anonymous (1985) Diabetes mellitus Report of a WHO Study Group. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 727:1–113
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–251 of 251
Diabetes and the Retina: The Role of Medical Treatment
Bloomgarden, Z. R. (2025) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.70185 · Cited by 1
Balducci, S., Haxhi, J., Vitale, M., Mattia, L., Calvi, F., Marini, M., Ciocca, E., Auccello, F., Gentile, A., Sacchetti, M., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-68618-7 · Cited by 1
Galindo, R. J., Aronne, L. J., Horn, D. B., Miras, A. D., Dunn, J. P., Cao, D., Lee, C. J., Karanikas, C. A., Heine, R. J., Falcón, B. L., et al. (2026) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-026-02895-3 · Cited by 1
Teoh, H., Lau, D. C. W., Camelon, K., Gilbert, R. E., Harris, S. B., McFarlane, P. A., RABASA-LHORET, R. P. R., Ur, E., & Leiter, L. A. (2012) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2012.08.009 · Cited by 1
Cooper, M. E., & Rebuck, A. S. (2013) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.12097 · Cited by 1
Glandt, M., & Bloomgarden, Z. T. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3314-9_11 · Cited by 1
Bloomgarden, Z. T. (2015) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2015.02.001 · Cited by 1
Nichtmedikamentöse Therapie bei Prädiabetes und Typ-2-Diabetes
Martin, S. (2017) · Der Diabetologe · doi:10.1007/s11428-017-0239-1 · Cited by 1
Gu, M., Lin, Y., Gai, X., Wei, X., Lu, C., Wang, Y., Ding, X., Peng, Y., & Ma, Y. (2022) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s374912 · Cited by 1
Microvascular complications after metabolic surgery
Dimitriadis, G. K., Randeva, H. S., & Miras, A. D. (2017) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30042-6 · Cited by 1
Optimising the Use of Metformin for Diabetes Prevention
Hostalek, U., Gwilt, M., & Campbell, I. (2018) · Diabetes & its Complications · doi:10.33425/2639-9326.1029 · Cited by 1
Wareham, N. J. (2022) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198870197.003.0262 · Cited by 1
Exercise and Hypertension in the Framework of the Metabolic Syndrome
Ryan, A. S. (2015) · Molecular and translational medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17076-3_12
Prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes on a population level
Gyberg, V. (2014) · Figshare
Primäre Neuropathien und Polyneuropathien
Gess, B., & Young, P. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-24265-6.00011-1
Pathophysiologie und Prävention des Typ-2-Diabetes
Martin, S. (2015) · Der Diabetologe · doi:10.1007/s11428-015-1340-y
Cardiovascular outcomes in the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study – Authors' reply
Li, G., Ping, Z., Gregg, E. W., Engelgau, M. M., & Bennett, P. H. (2014) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(14)70131-7
Self-citationGuiding diabetes screening and prevention: rationale, recommendations and remaining challenges
Aroda, V. R., & Getaneh, A. (2015) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1586/17446651.2015.1054280
Réduction du risque de diabète
Ransom, T. P. P., Goldenberg, R., Mikalachki, A., Prebtani, A. P. H., & Punthakee, Z. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.07.033
Was Lebensstilintervention bei Typ-2-Diabetes bringt
Martin, S. (2015) · Info Diabetologie · doi:10.1007/s15034-015-0637-7
Comparison of Long-term Memory Function in Elderly Across Mind Activity and Diabetes Mellitus-type 2
Shabani, S., Shabani, S., Dehghani, M., & Habibi, M. (2016) · Journal of Behavior Therapy And Mental Health · doi:10.14302/issn.2474-9273.jbtm-16-1308
Gesunder Lebensstil muss in jeder Krankheitsphase auf den Therapieplan!
Martin, S. (2017) · Info Diabetologie · doi:10.1007/s15034-017-1091-5
Shen, X., Zhang, P., Wang, J., An, Y., Gregg, E. W., Zhang, B., Li, H., Gong, Q., Chen, Y., Shuai, Y., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Stroke · doi:10.1177/1747493018784432
Self-citationDeng, F. (2016) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3wh2dp0s
A Test on the Move: Cardiac CT in China as a Case Study
Lü, B., Yin, W., Ren, X., & Chen, S. (2019) · Contemporary medical imaging · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-237-7_54
Galtier, F., & Bringer, J. (2015) · Bulletin de l Académie Nationale de Médecine · doi:10.1016/s0001-4079(19)30885-4
Primäre Neuropathien und Polyneuropathien
Gess, B., & Young, P. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-31610-4.00016-3
_, _. (2021) · Clinical endocrinology and endocrine surgery · doi:10.30978/cees-2021-4-66
Glandt, M., & Bloomgarden, Z. T. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20797-1_48-1
Glandt, M., & Bloomgarden, Z. T. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-18741-9_48
刘, 丽. (2022) · Medical Diagnosis · doi:10.12677/md.2022.121012
Zhu, C., Zhu, J., Wang, L., Xiong, S., Zou, Y., Huang, J., Xie, H., Zhang, W., Wu, H., & Liu, Y. (2021) · doi:10.2196/preprints.29078
Rietz, M., Lehr, A., Mino, E., Lang, A. S., Szczerba, E., Schiemann, T., Herder, C., Saatmann, N., Geidl, W., Barbaresko, J., et al. (2022) · doi:10.2337/figshare.21158605.v1
Rietz, M., Lehr, A., Mino, E., Lang, A. S., Szczerba, E., Schiemann, T., Herder, C., Saatmann, N., Geidl, W., Barbaresko, J., et al. (2022) · doi:10.2337/figshare.21158605
Chai, X., Wang, Y., Wang, J., Gong, Q., Zhang, J., & Shao, R. (2023) · Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version) · doi:10.1360/tb-2023-0489
Self-citationKrishnaveni, S., Pasula, S., & Sabbani, P. (2023) · Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research · doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2023.v16i10.49297
Effect of shared decision‐making model on the management of diabetes high‐risk groups
Wang, Q., Yue, X., Ma, Y., Zhou, Z., Li, F., Zhang, Y., & Duan, W. (2024) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/jep.14158
Approach to Prevent Progression from Prediabetes to Type 2 Diabetes
(2021) · American Diabetes Association eBooks · doi:10.2337/9781580407625.ch07
Taylor, M., Ng, D., Pfisterer, K. J., Cafazzo, J. A., & Sherifali, D. (2025) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000701 · Cited by 1
Prevention and Management of Prediabetes
Lee, J. M. (2025) · Journal of Korean Diabetes · doi:10.4093/jkd.2025.26.1.18
Electrochemical aptasensors for monitoring diabetes biomarkers
Shahdost-fard, F., & Jalal, N. R. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13633-7.00004-1
Malakar, S., Singh, S. K., & Usman, K. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.92153 · Cited by 2
Impact of capitation payment on vascular complications among treated diabetic patients in China
Wang, E., Lin, Y., You, Y., Xi, X., & Zhu, M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-17273-x
Chen, H.-W., Liu, K., Cao, B., Zhong, Q., Zhou, R., Li, L.-H., Wang, S.-A., Wei, Y.-F., Liu, H.-M., & Wu, X. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26733220
Balducci, S., Haxhi, J., Vitale, M., Mattia, L., Calvi, F., Marini, M., Ciocca, E., Auccello, F., Gentile, A., Bollanti, L., et al. (2026) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-026-02665-w
Kabisch, S. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-69828-0_12
Hormenu, T., Antiri, E. O., Ocansey, S., & Ansah, E. W. (2026) · Dialogues in Health · doi:10.1016/j.dialog.2026.100314
Metabolomics-Defined Subtypes of Prediabetes and Risk of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Outcomes
Chen, F., Zhang, Y. Q., Wang, W., Li, G., Zhang, J., Zhang, P., Guo, J., Xie, W., Zhang, F., & Gao, Y. (2026) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db26-0218
Self-citationEaglehouse, Y. L. (2015) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Metadata
- Authors
- Gong, Q., Gregg, E. W., Wang, J., An, Y., Zhang, P., Yang, W., Li, H., Li, H., Jiang, Y., Shuai, Y., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., Gerzoff, R. B., Roglic, G., Hu, Y., Li, G., & Bennett, P. H.
- Affiliations
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (CN)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Daqing Oilfield General Hospital (CN)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Li, G.
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2010-11-03
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 300-307
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- OpenAlex
- W2067941747
- Cited by
- 251
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 10.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U58/CCU424123‐01‐02)
- U.S. Public Health Service (U58/CCU424123-01-02)
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Keywords
- impaired glucose tolerance, lifestyle intervention, diabetes prevention, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, microvascular complications, diet and exercise, long-term follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Nephropathies, Diabetic Neuropathies, Female, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Glucose Intolerance, Diabetes Complications
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
