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Cited by 29Hip disorders and treatmentsLower Extremity Biomechanics and PathologiesBone and Joint Diseases

A painful squat test provides limited diagnostic utility in CAM-type femoroacetabular impingement

Ayeni, Olufemi, Chu, Raymond, Hetaimish, Bandar, Nur, Liin, Simunovic, Nicole, Farrokhyar, Forough, Bedi, Asheesh, Bhandari, Mohit·2014·Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy
DOI 10.1007/s00167-013-2668-8
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Abstract

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between a symptomatic maximal squat and the presence of radiographic CAM-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of a maximal squat test for the presence of radiographic CAM-type femoral deformity in an adult population. METHODS: In this pilot study, 76 consecutive patients were recruited from an outpatient clinic at McMaster University. All patients presented with pre-arthritic hip pain and were asked to perform a maximal squat. The results of this test were compared to magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiographic (MRI and MRA) findings evaluating and characterizing CAM-type FAI deformity. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of the maximal squat test were 75 % (56.6-88.5 %) and 41 % (27.0-56.8 %), respectively, for CAM-type FAI deformity. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were modest at 1.3 (0.9-1.7) and 0.6 (0.3-1.2), respectively. This means that a 30 % pre-test probability is improved to 36 % following a positive squat test and reduced to 20 % with a negative squat test. CONCLUSION: The maximal squat test was found to have marginal incremental diagnostic ability for CAM-type FAI. Its utility in the diagnostic evaluation of FAI remains limited. This survey elucidates areas of research for future studies relevant to the clinical diagnosis of FAI.

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Crossref · 10.1007/s00167-013-2668-8

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  • Patients with patellar tendon or quadriceps tendon autografts regain quadriceps strength more slowly and are more prone to anterior knee pain.

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    From A Biomechanical Review of the Squat Exercise: Implications for Clinical Practice. (2024) · cites this paper as [50]

  • For patients with donor-site pain, slower rates of loading/tempo may be better tolerated to stimulate tendon remodeling and muscular strengthening.

    “For patients with donor-site pain, slower rates of loading/tempo may be better tolerated to stimulate tendon remodeling and muscular strengthening.50”

    From A Biomechanical Review of the Squat Exercise: Implications for Clinical Practice. (2024) · cites this paper as [50]

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Authors
Ayeni, O., Chu, R., Hetaimish, B., Nur, L., Simunovic, N., Farrokhyar, F., Bedi, A., & Bhandari, M.
Affiliations
  • McMaster University Medical Centre (CA)
  • McMaster University (CA)
  • Taibah University (SA)
  • University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author
Ayeni, Olufemi
ORCID
Venue
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2013-09-26
Volume
22
Issue
4
Pages
806-811
ISSN
  • 0942-2056 (ISSN-L)
  • 1433-7347
DOI
10.1007/s00167-013-2668-8
OpenAlex
W2016513258
Cited by
29
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
FWCI
2.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
McMaster University
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Hip disorders and treatments
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone and Joint Diseases
Keywords
cam-type femoroacetabular impingement, hip pain, diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, hip deformity, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, likelihood ratios
MeSH terms
Adult, Female, Hip Joint, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Physical Examination, Predictive Value of Tests, Sensitivity and Specificity, Arthralgia, Femoracetabular Impingement

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