Development and use of FRAX® in osteoporosis
Abstract
This paper reviews briefly the development and clinical use of FRAX in the development of assessment guidelines for osteoporosis.Fractures are the clinical consequence of osteoporosis and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several treatments are available that have been shown to decrease the risk of fracture, but problems arise in identifying individuals at high fracture risk so that treatments can be effectively targeted. Case finding can be enhanced by the consideration of clinical risk factors that provide information on fracture risk over and above that provided by bone mineral density measurements. The FRAX tool integrates information on fracture risk from clinical risk factors with or without the use of BMD and can be used to improve the targeting of individuals at high fracture risk.
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Our analysis is based on vertebral measures and excludes assessment of risk factors for clinical fracture important to the FRAX tool and other fracture risk calculators.
“Our analysis is based on vertebral measures and excludes assessment of risk factors for clinical fracture important to the FRAX tool and other fracture risk calculators (26, 27).”
From Opportunistic screening for osteoporosis using abdominal computed tomography scans obtained for other indications (2013) · cites this paper as [27]
Cites
Body mass index as a predictor of fracture risk: A meta-analysis
De Laet, C., Kanis, J. A., Odén, A., Johanson, H., Johnell, O., Delmas, P., Eisman, J. A., Kroger, H., Fujiwara, S., Garnero, P., et al. (2005) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-005-1863-y · Cited by 1,622 · see citing works
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The clinician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis
LeBoff, M. S., Greenspan, S. L., Insogna, K. L., Lewiecki, E. M., Saag, K. G., Singer, A. J., & Siris, E. S. (2022) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-021-05900-y · Cited by 1,487 · see citing works
Pickhardt, P. J., Pooler, B. D., Lauder, T., del Rio, A. M., Bruce, R. J., & Binkley, N. (2013) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-158-8-201304160-00003 · Cited by 954 · see citing works
Vilarrasa, N., San José, P., García, I., Gómez-Vaquero, C., Medina Miras, P., de Gordejuela, A. G. R., Masdevall, C., Pujol, J., Soler, J., & Gómez, J. M. (2011) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-010-0338-1 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Ilich, J. Z., Inglis, J. E., Kelly, O. J., & McGee, D. L. (2015) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-015-3186-y · Cited by 100 · see citing works
The potential role for artificial intelligence in fracture risk prediction
Hong, N., Whittier, D. E., Glüer, C.-C., & Leslie, W. D. (2024) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00153-0 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kanis, J. A., McCloskey, E. V., Johansson, H., Oden, A., Ström, O., & Borgström, F.
- Affiliations
- Northern General Hospital (GB)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Venue
- Osteoporosis International
- Published
- 2010-05-13
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- S2
- Pages
- 407-413
- ISSN
- 0937-941X (ISSN-L)
- 1433-2965
- OpenAlex
- W2015291798
- Cited by
- 402
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 4.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Osteoporosis International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Hip and Femur Fractures
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- FRAX, osteoporosis, fracture risk assessment, clinical risk factors, bone mineral density, fracture risk prediction, case finding, treatment targeting
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Algorithms, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Osteoporosis, World Health Organization, Treatment Outcome, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Risk Assessment, Bone Density Conservation Agents, Osteoporotic Fractures
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