Effects of dexamphetamine with and without alcohol on simulated driving
Open accessAbstract
RATIONALE: In party circuits dexamphetamine is frequently used in combination with alcohol. It is hypothesized that co-administration of dexamphetamine to alcohol might reduce the sedative effects of alcohol, but may potentiate risk-taking behaviour. OBJECTIVES: The study was aimed at assessing the effects of alcohol, dexamphetamine and the combination of both on simulated driving and cognitive performance. METHOD: Eighteen subjects participated in a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled study employing four conditions: 10 mg dexamphetamine, 0.8 g/kg alcohol, 10 mg dexamphetamine + 0.8 g/kg alcohol, and placebo. Fundamental driving skills and risk-taking behaviour were assessed in a driving simulator. Subjects also completed vigilance and divided attention tasks, and subjective ratings. RESULTS: Mean BAC levels during simulated driving were between 0.91‰ and 0.64‰. Subjects using alcohol showed a significantly larger mean standard deviation of lateral position and shorter accepted gap time and distance. Use of alcohol or dexamphetamine + alcohol was associated with a higher frequency of red light running and collisions than the dexamphetamine or placebo conditions. Performance of vigilance and divided attention tasks was significantly impaired in the alcohol condition and, to a lesser degree, in the dexamphetamine + alcohol condition. CONCLUSION: Single doses of 0.8 g/kg alcohol increased risk-taking behaviours and impaired tracking, attention and reaction time during a 3-h period after drinking when BACs declined from 0.9 to 0.2 mg/ml. The stimulatory effects of co-administration of dexamphetamine 10 mg were not sufficient to overcome the impairing effects of alcohol on skills related to driving.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Amphetamine and its derivatives have modest cognitive benefits as prescription stimulants and enhance motivation and energy in healthy subjects.
“Although AMP and its derivatives have modest cognitive benefits as prescription stimulants and enhance motivation and energy in heathy subjects, studies have shown that they have limited cognitive effects in heathy subjects (see Ilieva & Farah, 2013; Simons et al., 2012).”
From Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits (2023) · cites this paper as Simons et al., 2012
The Results (Cognitive tasks) report that participants taking dexamphetamine felt more energetic, while the Discussion describes benefits on some attention and driving tasks alongside mixed effects in other domains. The paper does not establish enhanced motivation or modest cognitive benefits in the context of prescription stimulant treatment. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAmphetamine has limited cognitive effects in healthy subjects.
“Although AMP and its derivatives have modest cognitive benefits as prescription stimulants and enhance motivation and energy in heathy subjects, studies have shown that they have limited cognitive effects in heathy subjects (see Ilieva & Farah, 2013; Simons et al., 2012).”
From Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits (2023) · cites this paper as Simons et al., 2012
The Results (Cognitive tasks; page unavailable) report no significant differences on several tasks and a nonsignificant advantage for dexamphetamine on vigilance, supporting limited effects on the measures tested. But the Discussion reports better divided-attention performance, and the study tested one 10 mg dose of dexamphetamine in a small group of volunteers; it does not establish a general claim about amphetamine’s cognitive effects in healthy subjects. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Evenden, J. L., & Ryan, C. N. (1996) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130050121 · Cited by 636 · see citing works
(1993) · PubMed · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Acute administration of d-amphetamine decreases impulsivity in healthy volunteers
de Wit, H. (2002) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(02)00343-3 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
The validity of psychomotor vigilance tasks of less than 10-minute duration
Loh, S., Lamond, N., Dorrian, J., Roach, G. D., & Dawson, D. E. (2004) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03195580 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Psychoactive substance use and the risk of motor vehicle accidents
Movig, K. L. L., Mathijssen, M., Nagel, P., van Egmond, T., de Gier, J. J., Leufkens, H. G. M., & Egberts, T. C. G. (2003) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/s0001-4575(03)00084-8 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Falling asleep whilst driving: are drivers aware of prior sleepiness?
Reyner, L. A., & Horne, J. A. (1998) · International Journal of Legal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s004140050131 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Cause and Manner of Death in Fatalities Involving Methamphetamine
Logan, B. K., Fligner, C. L., & Haddix, T. L. (1998) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1520/jfs16085j · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Recreational drug misuse: issues for the cardiologist
Ghuran, A., & Nolan, J. (2000) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heart.83.6.627 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Effects of d-Amphetamine and ethanol on a measure of behavioral inhibition in humans.
de Wit, H., Crean, J. P., & Richards, J. B. (2000) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.114.4.830 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
The acute effects of d-amphetamine and methamphetamine on attention and psychomotor performance
Silber, B. Y., Croft, R. J., Papafotiou, K., & Stough, C. (2006) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0410-7 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Methamphetamine and Driving Impairment
Logan, B. K. (1996) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1520/jfs13935j · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Methamphetamine and ethanol interactions in humans*
Mendelson, J. E., Jones, R. T., Upton, R. A., & Jacob, P. (1995) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/0009-9236(95)90041-1 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Kuypers, K. P. C., Samyn, N., & Ramaekers, J. G. (2006) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0434-z · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citationLamers, C. T. J., Ramaekers, J. G., Muntjewerff, N. D., Sikkema, K. L., Riedel, W. J., Samyn, N., Read, N., & Brookhuis, K. (2003) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881103174015 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationNEWHOUSE, P. A. (1989) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0893-133x(89)90018-3 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Brookhuis, K., de Waard, D., & Samyn, N. (2004) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1714-5 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Ramaekers, J., Kuypers, K., & Samyn, N. (2006) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01566.x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationTransient memory impairment after acute dose of 75mg 3.4-Methylene-dioxymethamphetamine
Kuypers, K. P. C., & Ramaekers, J. G. (2005) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881105056670 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationMills, K. C., Spruill, S. E., Kanne, R. W., Parkman, K. M., & Zhang, Y. (2001) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1518/001872001775900878 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The effects of dexamphetamine on simulated driving performance
Silber, B. Y., Papafotiou, K., Croft, R. J., Ogden, E., Swann, P., & Stough, C. K. K. (2004) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-004-2061-x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Jex, H. R., McDonnell, J. D., & Phatak, A. V. (1966) · PubMed · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Individual Differences in Responses to Ethanol and d-Amphetamine: A Within-Subject Study
Holdstock, L., & de Wit, H. (2001) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02248.x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Stork, A. D. M., van Haeften, T. W., & Veneman, T. F. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-1544 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The use of amphetamines in U.S. Air Force tactical operations during Desert Shield and Storm.
Emonson, D. L., & Vanderbeek, R. D. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Caldwell, J. A., & Caldwell, J. L. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Behavioural Toxicity of Medicinal Drugs
Ramaekers, J. G. (1998) · Drug Safety · doi:10.2165/00002018-199818030-00004 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationValk, P. J. L., Simons, R., Struyvenberg, P. A. A., Kruit, H., & Henegouwen, M. T. V. B. (1997) · American Journal of Rhinology · doi:10.2500/105065897781446838 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationThe effects of amphetamines upon judgments and decisions
Hurst, P. M., Weidner, M. F., & Radlow, R. (1967) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00405023 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Psychoactive cannabinoids and membrane signaling
Nahas, G. G., Harvey, D. J., & Sutin, K. M. (2000) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/1099-1077(200010)15:7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Zijlstra FRH (1993) Efficiency in work behavior. A design approach for modern tools. PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kassim, F. M. (2023) · Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.2856 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Although AMP and its derivatives have modest cognitive benefits as prescription stimulants and enhance motivation and en- ergy in heathy subjects, studies have shown that they have limited cognitive effects in heathy subjects (see Ilieva & Farah, 2013; Simons et al., 2012).”
BackgroundInfluential
- Authors
- Simons, R., Martens, M., Ramaekers, J., Krul, A., Klöpping-Ketelaars, I., & Skopp, G.
- Affiliations
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (NL)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- University Hospital Heidelberg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Simons, Ries
- Venue
- Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2011-11-11
- Volume
- 222
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 391-399
- ISSN
- 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2072
- PMC
- PMC3395339
- OpenAlex
- W2124010291
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 8.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Repository hosted by TU Delft Library (TU Delft) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- European Commission (TREN-05-FP6TR-S07.61320-518404-DRUID)
- Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality › Traffic and Road Safety
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
- Keywords
- d-amphetamine, alcohol, drug co-administration, driving simulation, driving performance, risk-taking, cognitive impairment, sustained attention, divided attention, reaction time, blood alcohol concentration
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Ethanol, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Automobile Driving, Dextroamphetamine, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Male, Psychomotor Performance, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Cross-Over Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
